Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay - 763 Words

Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness written in 1902 is an overwhelming chronicle of Marlows journey into the heart of the African continent. It is one of the most influential novels of the twentieth century. In this ghastly and horrific tale, Marlow leads an expedition up the Congo River, only to find everything is not as it seems. This haunting and mysterious story takes him into the unbearable core of the jungle. The novel also explores trade and exploration, imperialism and colonization. The use of darkness means several things in this book. It is used in the title, as Heart of Darkness many people doesnt understand the book, or the meaning it brings with it. I feel that the†¦show more content†¦Darkness and evil can happen to anyone in anyway, it happened to Marlow and Kurtz mentally, and then it affects what you physically. The meaning darkness does not mean the same for everyone, it is different in our minds to what others think, we all have different opinions of what we think something is. For example, if you look up the word darkness or dark in a dictionary you may find more than one meaning. First meaning it gave - dark, no light, dull cutoff from the rest of the world, gloomy, sad, sinister, evil secret, night, not knowing. These are all words that could have been used in the book. The jungle could be sinister and evil. I find that the word secret represents what goes on in the jungle very well. It makes you think carefully about what might be in the jungle, the dangers and cautions of the jungle. It also seems very mystical. It shows that maybe the jungle has something to hide that it doesnt want you to know about, it wants to keep it to itself. In the book, as Marlow travels up the Congo River, he himself begins to become sinister and evil, he isnt his usual self. Ship me somewhere south of Europe, where the best can be the worst, where there arent no ten commandments, and a man can raise a thirst. This is a piece of poem, by Rudyard Kimpling. This I relate to Marlow. He has been taken to Africa in Southern Europe, and where there arent any rules or laws. Anything could happen, and the evil comes out ofShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness805 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Conrad’s novella, Heart of Darkness, contains many symbols that connect to themes within it. Heart of Darkness incorporates the symbols of light and dark to develop the idea that society and characters, like Kurtz, contribute to the darkness of their society. Conrad’s different observations of the effect that nature can have on the characters and society within the novel, primarily focus on how something light and desir able can prove to bring out the ugliest aspects of humanity or cause significantRead MoreEssay on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1414 Words   |  6 Pagesleader of a community who has this type of unchecked power and influence with a happy ending. Perhaps the greatest story ever written about good vs. evil, madness, abuse of power along with influence, and nature just might be Heart of Darkness. Heart of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad tells the story of an agent named Marlow, who experiences hellish conditions and behaviors whilst trying to rescue a man named Kurtz, who turns out to be quite a handful. Throughout this journey the moral ramificationsRead MoreEssay on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1276 Words   |  6 PagesIn the present era of decolonization, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness presents one of fictions strongest accounts of British imperialism. Conrad’s attitude towards imperialism and race has been the subject of much literary and historical d ebate. Many literary critics view Conrad as accepting blindly the arrogant attitude of the white male European and condemn Conrad to be a racist and imperialists. The other side vehemently defends Conrad, perceiving the novel to be an attack on imperialism andRead More Use of Light and Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness 1504 Words   |  7 PagesUse of Light and Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness  Ã‚      Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness contrasts light and darkness, to represent the civilized and uncivilized sides of the world. Conrad uses light to represent the civilized side of humanity while contrasting the dark with the uncivilized and savage. Throughout the thematic stages of the novel, that is the Thames river London, the companys office in Belgium, the journey to the heart of darkness and the conclusion, light andRead MoreDarkness and Evil Illustrated in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness1382 Words   |  6 Pagesindicating future misfortune; ominous. Bad or blameworthy by report; infamous. Characterized by anger or spite; malicious. The definition of evil, a term used very cautiously in modern society, is very diverse among different people. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the term evil is articulated through several ways mainly four characters: the cruelty within the people of the Belgian Congo, main mystery of Kurtz, the setting upon which the character s reside, and the atmosphere in which the BelgianRead MoreEssay about Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness794 Words   |  4 Pagesroom for suggestive arguments when trying to dissect a piece of writing. Joseph Conrads novella Heart of Darkness offers the perfect platform for interpretation. With a dozen shades of foggy grays, the short story is begging for a set of eyes that can see it through. Without proceeding too far into the novella, one can draw out a great deal of analytical suggestions as to what the title itself implies. The word Darkness seems to be a consistent theme throughout the book. So much so, that the amountRead MoreThoughts Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness911 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness, what does it really mean, what can it signify? For all it matters, it has no meaning, but is just a phrase. By applying the following schools of theory, psychoanalysis, over analyzing texts, cultural studies which portray how readers consume the text a nd postcolonial which analyzes the â€Å"losers† perspective it helps to depict the novella of Heart Darkness. By using the schools of theory, it will analyze a multitude of perspective relating to the novella’s theme of imperialism disastrousRead MoreCorruption Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1473 Words   |  6 Pagessome individuals may maintain their integrity in corrupt situations, and therefore not become corrupt themselves. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad relates to both the idea that an individual can become corrupt in a corrupt environment, and that some individuals can uphold their integrity in a corrupt situation. Both of these reactions can be seen in the main characters of Heart of Darkness, Kurtz and Marlow, in Kurtz’ becoming corrupt due to imperialism in the Congo, while still upholding some integrityRead More The Soul of Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesHeart of Darkness: The Soul of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Heart of Darkness The name itself implies a sense of unknown evil, and invokes thoughts of secrecy and mystery. Written by Joseph Conrad in 1902, Heart of Darkness tells of a physical journey down the Congo during its era of Imperialism, yet also of a mental sojourn into the core of insanity. It also paints paradoxes of seemingly clear concepts and states, such as the mental condition of central character Kurtz, an enigmatic ivory trader deepRead More Importance of the Natives in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of the Natives in Heart Of Darkness       Conrad has been accused of racism because of the way he portrays the natives in his novel, Heart of Darkness. It has been argued that the natives cannot be an essential part of Heart of Darkness due to the manner in which they are depicted.   However, a careful reading reveals that the story would be incomplete without the natives. Marlow develops a relationship with one of the natives - perhaps the first time in his life that Marlow creates

Regulations of Financial Markets and Global Financial...

gula Regulation of Financial Markets BA (Hons) Business Management Word Count: 2750 ------------------------------------------------- Q: Explain the main reasons why financial markets are regulated? To what extent do you think that recent problems in the financial markets are the result of too little regulation? Introduction: Since the inception of this world, people are following rules in one way or the other. Every aspect of our lives follows a pattern. The best patterns and practices are developed in to rules. If there are no rules, there will be chaos everywhere and catastrophe ready to strike at any moment. To keep our lives peaceful and in order, we follow rules. Some of them are set by us and some by law experts and†¦show more content†¦Financial markets and institutions help to shape the corporate and financial structure of the country. Therefore to keep the economy of the country stable, regulations are implemented. Regulations ensure fair disclosure of information to all the entities involved in a financial transaction (Pilbeam, 1998). Without regulations, one entity can have more information and it can take illicit advantage from that information. To ensure fair dealing and to prevent other entities from exposure to risk, regulations are imposed which ensure that all necessary information is disclosed prior to the transaction taking place. Market Failures and Crisis: Regulations of financial institutions have always followed financial crisis and failures. Market failures and crisis are the primary triggers of that lead to the development of regulations of financial markets and institutions (Howells and Bain, 2004). Although regulations cannot completely prevent the markets from failure, they can reduce the risk (Pilbeam, 1998). Causes of Market Failures and Crisis: The failure and crisis in the financial markets and institutions can be caused by many factors. One can be inefficient allocation of resources (Pilbeam, 1998). Every operation of financial institutions includes monetary transactions. Whenever there is a shortage of money; crisis start. Therefore for all the operations of financial markets and institutions sufficientShow MoreRelatedDiscuss the Importance of Ethics in Business in Light of the Recent Global Financial Crisis (Gfc)1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe 2008 global financial crisis has affected today’s economy severely based on the collapses on issues such as immoral practices, governance, regulations, enterprise ethics. Factors to consider with the collapse that lead to the financial crisis is the dangerous outcomes that financial companies were not foreseen in advanced of borrowing mortgages for the companies. The change of ethics through enterprises demonstrate how business approaches to ethics over the past years where ethics is seen inRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of Broward College920 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Paper: The Global Financial Crisis Michelle Beira Broward College There have been few financial crises in the United States. The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 to 2009 was the most recent and before that was The Great Depression of the 1930s. The Global Financial Crisis actually began in 2007 when prices of homes tanked. It not only affected the U.S. but it also affected economies overseas. The entire investment banking industry, some of the biggest insurance companies, enterprisesRead MoreThe World Experienced A Tremendous Financial Crisis Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagestremendous financial crisis which rooted from the U.S housing market; moreover, it is considered by many economists as one of the worst recession since the Great Depression in 1930s. After posing a huge effect on the U.S economy, the financial crisis expanded to Europe and the rest of the world. It brought governments down, ruined economies, crumble financial corporations and impoverish individual lives. For example, the financial crisis has resulted in the collapse of massive f inancial institutionsRead MoreFactors Responsible For The Global Financial Crisis1430 Words   |  6 Pageslook at the factors responsible for the global financial crisis in 2008-09 which started in US and later spread across the world. By now, a lot of studies have been done on the global financial crisis of 2008. We explain briefly the role of the financial engineering which leads to combination of various financial securities, the actual risk of which is not clearly assessed and hence leading to the financial crisis. There were also some serious lapses in regulation and failure of the rating agencies inRead MoreEssay on Overview of the Recent Financial Crisis in the US1468 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction The financial crisis started in the USA because of subprime mortgage crisis in 2007. As a consequence of it, a credit crunch was originated and it quickly spread from the real state sector to other sectors, and furthermore, from USA to other countries. This caused a series of financial and economic crises like the collapse of housing markets in Europe, the global stock markets, global financial systems and markets, along with a lot of large banks and financial institutions, as (SunRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis And The Crisis Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Global Financial Crisis, also known as The Great Recession, broke out in the United States of America in the middle of 2007 and continued on until 2008. There were many factors that contributed to the cause of The Global Financial Crisis and many effects that emerged, because the impact it had on the financial system. The Global Financial Crisis started because of house market crash in 2007. There were many factors that contributed to the housing market crash in 2007. These factorsRead MoreThe Effect of Recent Financial Crisis and Regulatory Implications in Asia1532 Words   |  7 Pageseducation. Now on the larger scale is the impact on the institutional level of the global financial crisis. The financial crisis began in United States in 2007 and spread to other countries. The crisis was triggered by a liquidity shortfall in United States banking system and resulted to the collapse of financial institutions. Asia is one major continent in which the recent financial crisis had spread. The impact of the crisis had far reaching effects on the economy of Asia than many people had anticipatedRead MoreThe Term Global Financial Crisis (Gfc) Refers To The Financial1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe term Global Financial Crisis (GFC) refers to the financial crisis of 2008-2009 that, according to leading economists, is the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression (Eigner, 2015). The crisis began in 2007 due to a mortgage market failure in the United States and in the following year, with the collapse of the Lehman Brothers investment bank, advanced into an international banking c risis, which then developed into a global economic crisis, The Great Recession (Williams, 2010). ThisRead MoreHow Failures in Financial Engineering Influenced the Recent Financial Crisis1303 Words   |  6 Pagesfailures in financial engineering and Corporate Governance have been closely related with the recent Global Financial Crisis is carried out. The Real Estate Bubble in 2006 leaded to the Subprime Mortgage Crisis in 2007 which expanded from the United States to the whole world generating the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. There are multiple factors that originate a crisis like this, and will be explained and analysed later, but in order to understand the global economicRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis and The Regulation of Investment Banks1154 Words   |  5 PagesLessons of GFC for the regulation of Investment Bank Investment Banks enable individuals, institutions such companies, governments to raise capital by offering underwriting services or working as an agents of the client in offering securities or in both roles. Investments banks play a very important role in stimulating investments in the United States both from individuals and corporate. The global financial environment has over the last decade experienced enough changes as can be witnessed from

Unit 14 †Describe the Role of Two Other Professionals Free Essays

E8 describe the role of two other professionals who support the needs of children with special needs and their families The other two professionals who support the needs of children with special needs and their families are Speech therapist: Speech therapists are other professionals who work closely with parents, carers and other professionals such as teachers, nurses, occupational therapists and doctor’s in order to improve the speech and language problem of the children. Evaluation by a certified speech-language pathologist can help determine if your child is having difficulties. Speech-language therapy is the treatment for most kids with speech and/or language disorders. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 14 – Describe the Role of Two Other Professionals or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Speech Language Therapy, 2012) The major roles of a speech therapist are to identify children’s developmental speech and communication problems. They access in treating problems that are caused due to cleft palate or disorders and implementing and revising treatment programmes. They also support children by working one to one with them, calculating the children’s progress and most importantly maintaining confidentiality. Lastly, speech therapists support the families of children with special needs by making them aware of the problem, giving them information, referring them to specialists and informing them regarding their children’s progress. Physiotherapist: Physiotherapists are other professionals who help treat people of all ages with physical problems caused by illness accident or ageing, for example: low muscle tone, posture etc. Physiotherapists support children with special needs by evaluating the problems of the child’s problem, improving their breathing to avoid any malfunction, helps slow down the bad effects that are caused by disease and teach the children various exercises for their bodies. â€Å"Physiotherapists are probably the best known of the therapists who work with children with special needs. They use exercises to help their patients gain and keep the best possible use of their bodies. (A Special Child in The Family, 2012) Physiotherapists also support the families by providing information about their children and also teaching them various exercises that they could do at home with their children. They also support by giving them information about how to handle their children, for example: how to lift things without straining your back. http://www. specialchild. co. uk/therapists. htm http://kidshealth. org/parent/system/ill/speech_therapy. html How to cite Unit 14 – Describe the Role of Two Other Professionals, Essay examples

Economics - Planning - and Policy

Question: Discuss about theEconomics, Planning, and Policy. Answer: Introduction This study has been constructed based on the three different types of markets in Australia. The markets are such as monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. In this connection, this study has tried to measure the pricing strategy, the consumer as well as producers behaviour. In addition, this study is beneficial to identify and understand the differences among these three markets. On the other hand, this study has also tried to discuss the real life example of these three types of market structures. In case of the monopoly market structure, there are single sellers but a number of buyers. The sellers set out the prices of the manufacturing goods (Bagdikian 2014). Higher the monopoly price leads to the organisations marginal cost as well as larger will be the monopoly profitability. In case of the oligopoly market, the larger organisations are being dominated by the smaller sized business. The organisations under oligopoly can employ the customs of trade that is the market s haring, collusion etc. On the other hand, in case of monopolistic competitive market structure, there are a large number of products in the market. These products are differentiated with each other (Roberts 2014). There it can be concluded that manufacturing goods are not perfectly substitute with each other. Furthermore, some relevant figures related to these three markets have added the essence of the study. Market structures In case of monopoly market structure, there exist only one producer and the number of buyers. In a synopsis, Askar (2013) mentioned that in the monopoly market structure there exist single seller. In this type of market structure, items and the factors are substitute with each other. Hence, it can be stated that the competition is not present under monopoly market. As the competition is not present, the sellers get the power to fix the price of the products. As a result, it can be concluded that why the sellers in this market aimed to fix the larger price of the manufacturing goods. According to Economides and Tag (2012), the marginal cost of the business will be effectively enhanced. In a nutshell, it can be mentioned that business can maximise the profitability under the monopoly market structure. Therefore, as per the statement of Minamihashi (2012), the producers or the sellers are assumed as the price makers while the customers are seemed to the price makers. On the other hand, the monopolists have the power to modify the price and the value of the manufacturing items. The sellers are able to sell the lowest amounts of products in turn of higher prices in terms of lower elastic market structure. Figure 1: Structure of the monopoly market (Source: Created by author) The above figure depicted that the monopoly equilibrium under short run market structure, the Australian firms are capable to maximise the profit of a business. The manufacture of the business will be equivalent to the marginal revenue as well as the marginal cost. The organisation is able to modify the price, which is based on the organisations average revenue curve. The differentiation among the average revenue and the organisations average cost can be multiplied to evaluate the amount sold by the specific organisation. Therefore, Bagdikian (2014) opined that the earning profit by the organisation can be measured. In this purpose to describe the example of monopoly market, it can be stated that the per unit price of the electricity is fixed by the Australian electricity authority whereas the customers need to pay off the estimated price of the electricity. They are not able to avoid this price of the electricity. Under the oligopolistic market, the total number of smaller sized organisations can dominate the comparatively large number of firms. In this context, it can be stated that the smaller sized organisations have the larger power to acquire the larger amount of market share. In the words of Feng, Li and Li (2014), oligopolists are able to diminish the competition and are also able to set larger price of the products for the buyers. Therefore, they are assumed as the price makers compared to the price takers (Okuguchi and Szidarovszky 2012). As a result, it can be concluded that oligopolies allowed to enhance the profitability margin of a business above the true market structure would consider. In addition, the oligopolies organisations can experience the super normal profitability in the long run. On the other hand, Levaggi and Montefiori (2013) cited that the manufacturing products in oligopoly market can be of homogeneous type or can be heterogeneous type. In case of the non price com petition under this definite type of market, the brand and the product loyalty, different types of the products, advertisement are considered as the suitable examples. Moreover, OPEC is the appropriate real life example of Oligopoly as it has a capacity to control the world price of the oil (Oikonomou et al. 2012). Figure 2: Kinked demand curve in case of oligopoly market structure (Source: Created by author) The above figure illustrated the demand for the factors, which is relatively elastic and the price of the another organisations are constant. Sometimes, there will occur the price war in the market between the organisations due to the reduction of equivalent price. The equilibrium n this above case has been represented by E. Under the monopolistic market structure, Zhelobodko et al. (2012) opined that within the market, imperfect competition can be observed. There are a number of sellers and each of them is seemed to be different. As a result, it can be stated that the manufacturing goods are perfect substitute with each other. Under monopolistic competition, organisations consider the price charging strategy and it can be stimulated by the opponents. In this context, the producers do not take the self prices of the items. According to Roberts et al. (2014), in case of this type of market structure, there exist a large number of buyers as well as sellers. Moreover, none can get the power of controlling of the total price of the marketed producing goods. Instead of this, the consumers are able to predict the price of the opponents manufacturing goods and it may be equivalent. Furthermore, Zhelobodko et al. (2012) mentioned that each of the supplier has degree of control regarding the price of the goods. Figure 3: Monopolistic competitive market structure (Source: Created by author) This figure 3 aimed that the organisation produced where the marginal cost is equivalent with the marginal revenue. The demand curve, which is the marginal revenue curve, has been changed due to the entering of the manufacturing organisations in the market. As a result, the competition between the organisations has been raised. As per the discussion, it can be stated that the Australian restaurants are the appropriate examples of monopolistic competition. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be observed that the overall study has been constructed on the concept of three different types of market structure. The markets are such as monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. This study is also helpful to estimate the consumers and the suppliers behaviour of each of the market. Moreover, the pricing strategy of these three types of markets has also discussed. On the other hand, the real life example of each of the market structure has been mentioned. References Askar, S.S., 2013. On complex dynamics of monopoly market.Economic Modelling,31, pp.586-589. Bagdikian, B.H., 2014.The new media monopoly: A completely revised and updated edition with seven new chapters. Beacon Press. Economides, N. and Tag, J., 2012. Network neutrality on the Internet: A two-sided market analysis.Information Economics and Policy,24(2), pp.91-104. Feng, Y., Li, B. and Li, B., 2014. Price competition in an oligopoly market with multiple iaas cloud providers.IEEE Transactions on Computers,63(1), pp.59-73. Levaggi, R. and Montefiori, M., 2013. Patient selection in a mixed oligopoly market for health care: the role of the soft budget constraint.International Review of Economics,60(1), pp.49-70. Oikonomou, V., Di Giacomo, M., Russolillo, D. and Becchis, F., 2012. White certificates in the Italian energy oligopoly market.Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy,7(1), pp.104-111. Okuguchi, K. and Szidarovszky, F., 2012.The theory of oligopoly with multi-product firms. Springer Science Business Media. Roberts, K., 2014. The limit points of monopolistic competition.Noncooperative Approaches to the Theory of Perfect Competition,3, p.141. Zhelobodko, E., Kokovin, S., Parenti, M. and Thisse, J.F., 2012. Monopolistic competition: Beyond the constant elasticity of substitution.Econometrica,80(6), pp.2765-2784. Minamihashi, N., 2012. Natural monopoly and distorted competition: evidence from unbundling fiber-optic networks.

What Is Pschology Essay Example

What Is Pschology? Essay Nature is described as innate behavior that we are born with, it involves involuntary responses , such as, jumping when startled, this is a body’s reaction to help protect us from harm. These are behaviors that cannot be changed. Nurture is learned behaviors, we learn these through life experiences from our environment. Learned behaviors can be changed. Sometimes it is hard to say whether a behavior is innate or learned, such as, thumb sucking, which seems to be innate but may in fact be learned behavior. I feel that behavior is a result of both nature, behaviors we are born with, and nurture, learned behavior. I strongly believe nurture, opportunity and environment,account for way more influence on our life than nature does. I feel that nature is only â€Å"beginning behavior† inborn for survival purposes. Let us look at the different environments people grow up in. It is my strong opinion that family values and resourses are a major influence on peoples behavior. Take for example, a familys income, if a person grows up in poverty, no matter what the familys values or lifestyle, that person has less opportunity to explore his surroundings or be involved in extra curricular activities as a child. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Pschology? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Pschology? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Pschology? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore he/she may grow up to be a less well rounded person. That person may grow up with poor self esteem, making them less likely to explore their options as adults. If a child grows up in an environment where getting a good education is a high family value that child is more likely to pursue higher education than the child that grows up in a family that doesn’t believe that higher education is a necessity for success. If a child grows up in an environment where the adults are cigarette smokers and don’t put a high value on their health, that child is more likely to copy these behaviors as adults. If a child grows within a family that puts a high priority on their spiritual well being, that child is more likely to pursue spiritual growth in adulthood. People that grow up in different countries adapt to that countries culture. People that grow up in a mountainess terrain have different behaviors than those that grow up on the beach. There is a difference in being a country person and being a city person. A person born in a third world country has different behaviors than someone born in a developed country. It is my opinion that although nature supplies us with the same innate behaviors, our personalities and behaviors develop mainly because of our environment and opportunities available to us. How and where we are raises plays a big role in what we become as adults, although I believe that our behaviors are mainly formed while we are still children, I don’t think that our learning ever stops. We learn and grow, again from our environment outside the family home. We learn at work, we learn to develop behaviors that pleases our boss, such as, efficiency, promptness, and willingness to excel in our field. At school we learn good study habits among other life skills. At play we may learn a whole new sport which is in itself a behavior. In relationships we learn new behaviors that enable us to be compatable with others. We never stop learning through our environment.

Tactile, Tangible, and Tractable

Tactile, Tangible, and Tractable Tactile, Tangible, and Tractable Tactile, Tangible, and Tractable By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between tactile and tangible? Very little- and they are cognate, sharing the same Latin source- but there is a subtle distinction in their use. Tactile, from the Latin term tactilis, by way of the French word tactile, and ultimately from the verb tangere, meaning â€Å"touch,† refers to things that can be touched and to the action of touching. For example, very young children, who learn about the world by manipulating objects, are said to be highly tactile. Unlike tangible, tactile does not have a direct antonym. Tangible, meanwhile, also derived from tangere, pertains more generally to things that can be touched. A tangible reward, for example, is something that can actually be handled, such as a trophy, as opposed to an intangible reward, such as an accolade; the word also applies to things that can be realized rather than simply conceived of. (Like, tactile, it has an intermediate and identical French form; it comes from a Latin noun derived from tangere that refers to touchable things.) An etymologically unrelated but similar-looking synonym is tractable. It’s most common sense is â€Å"manageable,† but it can also mean â€Å"touchable.† Its antonym, intractable, refers to a problem (or a person) that is very difficult to manage. A handful of additional words have similar meanings. Palpable is a direct synonym of tangible but can also simply mean â€Å"obvious† or â€Å"unmistakable.† Perceptible means â€Å"able to be noticed with one’s senses.† Appreciable and ponderable both have that same meaning and an additional sense of â€Å"measurable.† Sensible also applies to what can be perceived but has additional related meanings, as well as pertaining to having good sense. Manifest has literal and figurative senses, pertaining either to something clearly shown or visible or to something easy to recognize or understand. Only palpable and sensible have direct antonyms (impalpable and insensible). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?50 Synonyms for â€Å"Idea†Grammatical Case in English

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 69

No topic - Essay Example These procedures are also standardized. They are formal and documented. Exceptions to these procedures are rare and not well tolerated. The process structure in this process changes rapidly and usually takes time. Dynamic processes are flexible, informal and adaptative.They involve less managerial decisions and activities. These processes are less structured. They are less specific in nature. They are also less informal, and exceptions are frequent and accepted. These processes change rapidly and regularly. However, these two methods differ in execution and focus. They serve their unique purposes in organizations. Both of them organize work and help to improve the effectiveness and performance of companies. Nevertheless, they are each applied differently within organizations. Structural processes apply to less fundamental processes. Dynamic processes, on the other hand, focus on the processes that are not structured. However, both of them intertwine and are necessary for an organization to be able to appropriately and fully function. Structural methods depend on the optimization of outcomes. However, both of these processes serve their different functions in

The ultimate achievemet of the Land Registration Act Essay

The ultimate achievemet of the Land Registration Act - Essay Example In analysing the practical ramifications of the LRA 2002, this paper will critically evaluate the procedural and substantive changes in the law on land registration as brought in by the LRA. Moreover, this paper will argue that a central issue in the evaluation of the LRA 2002 is whether property purchase post 2002 has become easier as intended by the extrapolations of the Law Commission Report7. A central issue of concern in contemporary conveyancing is the applicability of any third party â€Å"off the record† proprietary rights and to this end I shall undertake a contextual and comparative analysis with the unregistered system for enforceability of third party rights. Moreover, I shall further evaluate the system for enforceability of third party equitable rights under the registered land system post 2002. It is submitted at the outset that such an evaluation is vital to the overall consideration of the substantive and procedural changes brought about by the LRA in order to determine whether or not the LRA has in fact created a â€Å"rational legal order† as suggested. In assessing the extent of changes introduced by the LRA 2002, it is further necessary to consider the essential objectives of the Law Commission Report, particularly in terms of its hailing the LRA bill as a revolution for conveyancing practice8. Firstly, the Law Commission argued that the reforms proposed by the LRA were bold particularly in respect of the: â€Å"Move from a paper based system of conveyancing to one that is entirely electronic is a very major one and it will transform fundamentally the manner in which the process is conducted9.† Indeed, in the Law Commission Report, in addressing the fundamental objectives of the Bill, it asserts that â€Å"dispositions of... The system for protection of third party interests appears to remain intrinsically complex for purchasers notwithstanding the objectives of the LRA. Moreover, the above analysis demonstrates that it is incorrect to argue that the changes brought introduced by the LRA have automatically culminated in a rationale and simplified system of land registration with limited scope for off the record interests. Indeed, the complex rules of the LRA highlight that in reality, the extent to which a purchaser can be subject to third party interests will ultimately depend on the nature of the right. Additionally, the drafting of the LRA 2002 retains some the core provisions of the 1925 Land Registration Act, which effectively creates a dual system of protection. To this end, it is submitted that it is questionable whether the LRA 2002 has met the objectives extrapolated by the Law Commission, which is arguably a significant opportunity missed.

Physical and Social Developement of Adolescents Issues Essay

Physical and Social Developement of Adolescents Issues - Essay Example This paper aims at exploring different issues related to physical and social development of adolescents and the impact of those developmental changes on them. The adolescence period is featured by dramatic physiological changes that in practice leading them to move forward from a child to an adult. Hence, adolescence period is a transitional period, where an individual reaches to the physical maturity. This period distinguishes among males and females quite evidently by developing sexual characteristics, however, the secondary sexual characteristics become visible during prepubescent period. In the prepubescent period, a female may begin to develop her breast buds around the age of 8 years, which take the mature shape with full breast development during late adolescent phase. Apart from that, public hair growth - armpit and leg - has been observed during 9 to 10 years, where the distribution pattern becomes prevalent at the age of 13 to 14 years. Another significant physical change occurs in adolescent females with the menarche2. In general, the menarche occurs after 2 years of prepubescent changes. A female may undergo menarche at early at the age of 10 years and as late as 15 years. However, the puberty is not identified with a sudden onset of pubertal changes in case of males, as it happens with females with menstrual changes. In case of males, the scrotal and testicular changes occur during 9 years of age along with a lengthening of penis size, whereas it reaches to its adult size around 15 - 16 years of age. Public hair growth in the areas of armpit, leg and face is noted at the age of 12 years, whereas it reaches to its adult distribution at the age of 15 to 16 years. The occurrence of nocturnal emissions3 in around every 2 weeks interval consisting of seminal fluid may define the onset of puberty among male adolescents. This typically occurs during the age of 13 years to 17 years. A contemporaneous brisk of growth in height is noticed between ages of around 10.5 to 11 years and 16 to 18 years, with a peak period characterized around the age of 14 years. Another significant change in males occurs with the changes in voice which is usually parallel to penile development, whereas the occurrence of nocturnal emissions corresponds with the peak period of height spurt. Social Development The radical and dynamic changes both at physical and psychological level throughout the adolescent period make it typically distinct from other phases of development. An adolescent, irrespective of gender, experiences an individualized form of self consciousness, sensitivity about the surrounding environment and an increased concern over one's own body image along with excruciating evaluation between own self and peers. An important aspect of the psychosocial development contributing to the adolescence period is adolescent egocentrism. According to Elkind (1967), adolescent egocentrism includes a belief system carried by adolescents that makes them to consider as special and unique which is accompanied with the accomplishment of new psychological abilities. Adolescent egocentrism is characterized with an imaginary audience with an increased self consciousness. Adolescents consider that their people in their surrounding areas, especially peers, observe their activities,

The History Of Reflection Theory

The History Of Reflection Theory In scientific terms reflection is seen as light, heat or sound striking a surface to give off a reflection. Reflection is also seen as philosophical understanding of how one can gain knowledge through experience and use different approaches to the same scenario (Johns and Freshwater 2009 and Chambers et al 2012). The novel idea of reflection rose from a theorist John Dewey (1859-1952); his proposed view on reflection is described as persistent, active thinking and taking into consideration the supporting evidence that forms knowledge to the given situation. This theorist suggests that the person uses their mind and emotions to facilitate reflection (Bulman and Schutz 2008). This suggests that Dewey describes reflective individuals has being open-minded, responsible and wholehearted (Vachon and Leblanc 2011). Deweys perception of reflection was a platform for many authors to elaborate on in terms of understanding reflective practice. Johns and Freshwater (2005) propose that health professionals should find the meaning of reflection through description rather than definition because to define reflection is to suggest the author has authority over its meaning. This in turn allows reflections models and frameworks to be used intuitively giving a more holistic approach, it can be subjective and purpose driven (Johns and Freshwater 2005). Mann et al (2007) describes Schons (1983) view that reflection can happen in two ways: reflecting upon activities whilst they are happening called reflection in action (present reflection) and reflecting upon activities once they have happened (reflecting on the past). Rolfe et al assert that reflection is the engine that facilitates superficial learning into finding a deeper understanding that enables the practitioner to transform what is known to knowledge in action. Reflection Model and frameworks The reflection framework developed by Schon and Argyris (1992) involves three elements: (1) knowing-in-action (2) reflection-in-action and (3) reflection-on-practice (Ghaye and Lillyman 2010). Ghaye and Lillyman (2010) have extrapolated Schons work to include knowing-in-action; they propose that practitioners customise and tailor their own knowledge or theories to the situation presented. Knowing in action is described further by Carper (1978) who identifies five approaches to knowing in action; empirical, personal, ethical and aesthetic knowing ( Newton and McKenna 2009). Reflection-in-action by Schon and Argyris (1992) has been adapted from Schon (1983) it is to do with reflecting in the moment without disturbing care. It involves thinking on your feet Ghaye and Lillyman (2010) propose that whilst this may be a complex process it is by far the most effective when clarifying that needs of patients are being met. It is the way in which practitioners compose themselves to handle and resolve difficult situations when being faced with them (Schon 1992). This could entail thinking of what needs to be said to patients whilst talking to them already. Gustafsson and Fagerberg (2004) state that Schon (1983) believes reflection-in-action allows nurses to display a combined range of skills abstract knowledge and clinical experience. This type of reflection is difficult to master as is challenge our knowing-in-action and is used by professional practitioners that have acquired technical skills over a number of years Rolfe et al (2011) and Ghaye and Lillyman (201 0). Mann et al (2007) state that professional practitioners are able to reflect-in-action because they have the knowledge to do interpretive orientation monitoring, assessing and changing patient care on a continual basis. Mann et al (2007) also state that student nurses are limited to reflection in action because their experiences are not authentic and the role is supervised throughout thus students actions are questioned and changed if necessary to suit patient care. This is why critical reflection is important learning tool for students and can be facilitated by mentors, clinical supervisors. Schon (1992) reflection-on-action is reflecting back on events taken place. The reflector can examine and analyse the events step by step either within self, discussion with another practitioner or within groups (Ghaye and Lillyman 2010). Greenwood (1998) take on reflection on action as cognitive post-mortem this is where the practitioner goes back to review actions that were made during the events. Greenwood (1998) argues that reflection before action is not deemed important for this type of reflection and to be unable to reflect before action is considered erroneous as patient care and outcomes become influenced by these factors. It is already known that Dewey was the first advocate of learning by reflection, Rolfe et al (2011) summarise Deweys (1938) model of reflective learning as experiencing through observing and reflecting on current or past events which leads to gaining new or enhancing knowledge. In modern healthcare however Gibbs (1988) model of reflection see appendix 1 is widely used which is an adaptation of Deweys (1938) original model. Gibbs (1988) model asks the practitioner to paint a picture of the event describe what happened and attach emotions and thoughts to the event. Gibbs then prompts the practitioner to weight what was good or bad about the experience. The third aspect of the model is technical this part asks the practitioner to analyse the situation in the hope to uncover either new findings or confirm the current situation. The fourth aspect is about understanding and finding out what else could the practitioner have done to change the previous outcome of the situation being started and lastly the practitioner is prompted to write an action plan in case the same or similar scenario can take it our (McKinnon 2004). Although Gibbs model appears cyclical it is not clear as to how the action plan which concludes the reflection process is linked back to description (Rolfe et al 2011). Gibbs model of reflection give the practitioner simple and general cue questions which allows the practitioner room to expand their thoughts on also it the most widely used reflection model for student nurses (Bulman and Schutz 2009) in contrast Rolfe et al 2011 state that Gibbs model has a generic and unspecific feel therefore some reflective practitioners find Gibbs model to vague. Holms and Stephenson (1994 see also Rolfe et al 2011) see appendix 2 shared similar assertions to Gibbs model and therefore they proposed another reflection framework consisting of better designed cue questions. Stephenson framework is aimed towards more on action rather than theorising outcomes. Rolfe et al (2011) suggest that Stephenson and Holms framework mirrors Deweys initial interpretation of learning by thinking. However neither Gibbs model or Stephenson framework encompass a clear guideline to how knowledge can be linked to practice apart from asking the practitioners to think about what they would if they encountered a similar situation again. The framework set out by Johns (2004) is an adaptation of many frameworks and models by many authors (Johns and Freshwater 2005). John and Freshwater (2005) encompassed not only the different aspects of reflection such in-action and on-action but also mindful practice. Benner et al (1996) explains that mindful practice is seen as clinical judgement which is practitioners possessing the ability to see what is happening as it happening in a clinical environment that allows the practitioner to engage ethically with the situation. Johns (1995) framework also included reflexivity which asks the practitioner to revisit the situation and asks interpersonal questions that allow the practitioner to link previous experiences to the current situation. Johns and Freshwater (2005) see appendix 3 have managed to articulate a model of reflection which is structured and concise this model also impacts clinical supervision and can be used for mentoring purposes. Taylor (2006) see appendix 4 illustrates its model of reflection by using the words REFLECT as mnemonic device where each letter is represents a process of how reflection can take place. Tacit knowledge is displayed in this type of reflection, it is knowledge that practitioners are unaware of possessing and only comes to light when reflecting about the decisions they have made either during or after the event Schon (1987). There is a sense of liberation attached to Taylors reflection as it also caused the practitioner to be accepting of news ideas and not to be confined to constraints Taylor (2006) uses a critical friend to encourage reflection. Taylor (2006) understands that changes in awareness is a sure possibility because new insights can arise through reflection this occurs by linking emotions and feelings furthermore it requests the practitioner to ask themselves what have they learnt from their experience. Taylor model of reflection is laid out in manner that demands structure d critical reflection and requires a facilitator or critical friend to see the process through this could be a disadvantage because it can be a demanding procedure, not very empowering to challenge top ranking staff and a facilitator may not be available (Rolfe et al 2011). Kolb (1984) see appendix 5 see also Rolfe et al (2011) model of reflection is directed towards experimental learning, Kolb model is set out such that it asks the practitioner to look beyond describing and observing past events but also to theorise on the reflective events to determine if new approaches can be addressed or implemented. Kolbs classic model of experimental learning consists of four components; experience, observation/reflection, generalization and conceptualisation and active experimentation (Stonehouse 2011). When compared to Gibbs model this model is truly cyclical and reflexive because Kolb sets out to generate a hypothesis to test the clinical setting hence the practitioner is allowed to renew reflecting on the newly modified experience (Rolfe et al 2011). Reflective Practice Reflective practice is seen has using reflective techniques to improve, maintain changes in clinical procedures and influence guidelines to encourage greater safety of patients in all areas of health organisations (Bulman and Schutz 2008). Duffy (2007) states reflective practice must clearly be demonstrated by the practitioner for personal and professional development in nursing and other allied health professions. Price (2004) states that nursing practices can be transformed by facilitating insight and reason by practitioners, Price (2004) also understands that workforces may also be doubtful of the wisdom behind changes to particular strategies for example changes to multidisciplinary team meetings held usually midweek could be changed to a day closer to the weekend and therefore the workforce may be doubtful of referrals being received on time to their relevant partners. Burns and Bulman (2000) and Johns (2000) assert that reflective practice whilst it is patient centred all addresses the untidiness and confusion of the clinical environment. Benner et al (1996) adds functioning of the practice environment is not as clear cut as a science textbook. Johns (2005) states that learning though reflection leads to enlightenment finding out who we are, empowerment having courage to redefine who we are and emancipation given freedom to make changes to achieve desirable effects. It is the role of clinical supervisors, preceptors and mentors to encourage and implement reflection and critical thinking within their practice environment (Price 2004). Reed (2008) state that mentors are able to support less experienced or new employees by sharing their experience with them and providing a higher level of knowledge and understanding of different work practices. Duffy (2007) uses Williams (2001) to suggest problem based learning provides stimulus for student nurses to develop their critical reflection skills. Continuing Professional Development Health care organisations in the United Kingdom have undergone and still continue to undergo changes to how it is regulated (Rolfe et al 2011). The emphasis is largely associated with increasing patient safety and risk reduction (Rolfe et al 2011, Mantzoukas 2008). Evidence-based studies have taught the NHS and regulatory bodies how to change practices and procedures to create better outcomes for patients, they have also encompassed further development for staff to promote a better use of resources through clinical professional development (CPD) (Bulman and Schutz 2009). The Healthcare Professionals Council (2012) and The Nursing Midwifery Council (2006) state that nurses and midwives must provide evidence and maintain competency levels to remain in employment as nurses and midwives every three years after registering. The NMC does not determine the nature or types of continuing professional development programs to undertake, it is the responsibility of the practitioner and organisation to do this (Gould et al 2006, Munro 2008). Munro (2008) claims self regulation is vital to professional development and is achieved by maintaining a portfolio constructed of professional and personal achievements and certificates of attendance to mandatory competency trainings. Leblanc and Vachon (2011) agree that continuing education programmes such as diabetic training, pressure sore management training and infection control training as well as MSc postgraduate courses such as tissue viability or nursing prescribing courses add to a professional competency portfolio . Critical Incident Analysis Reflective practice is deployed when undertaking critical incident analysis (CIA). Critical incidents can be either a surprise event (ref) or series of events that could trigger reflection (Hanning 2001). The analysis process enables the practitioner to pause and contemplate on the situation and to establish meaning to the situation. Critical thinking can be viewed as either negative or positive experiences (Price 2004) and therefore some practitioners have exhibited discomfort associated with critical incident analysis because the process can challenge what they thought they knew as best practice can have undesirable effects and evoke anger, grief, frustration and sadness (Rich and Parker 1995 see also Vachon and LeBlanc 2011). Critical incident events could be viewed as drug errors, nosocomial cross-infection or helping a patient achieve a comfortable, dignified death, closing of wards. However not all incidents have to be as grave as these. CIA can also be viewed as a significant incident where it does not pose immediate threat, however it causes the practitioner to reflect upon the situation in systematic manner (Ghaye and Lillyman 2010). Communication skills Non-verbal and verbal skills are used to demonstrate communication which is the sending and received of messages (McCabe 2004). In nursing communication is not only about transmitting information, nurse-patient relationship involves in the transmitting feelings and nurses need to be able to display the appropriate behaviour or manner to demonstrate that their feelings have been recognised (Sheppard 1993 cited in McCabe 2004). Attending behaviour is described by Stein-Parbury (2009) as being ready to listen, maintain good positioning, open body language, eye contact and facial expression these are all are signs of an outward physical manifestation which when a nurse displays is demonstrative of their genuine interest to know and understand their patient. Department of Health (2000) states that good communication between health providers and patients is essential for establishing high quality care. The most important attribute deemed by patients practitioner should have is the willingn ess to listen to and explain patients concerns (Moore 2009). According to the NMC (2010) the role of nurses is to use their clinical judgment in the provision of care which would enable patients to improve, maintain or recover their health, to cope with health problems, and to achieve the best possible quality of life, whatever their disease or disability, until death. This is where reflection and critical incident plays a role in good communication and evolving our interpersonal skills. Discussing a patients condition and advising them on the therapy available ot giving medication are example of reflection-in-action. Reflection in action causes the practitioner to slow down and think of how to approach the patient, they may assess the situation and decided to leave out medical jargon, and use simplified speech, (Kraszewski and McEwen 2010). There are no specific models to use for these examples it is more about how the practitioner relates to the patient to convey their message is important. An example of reflection-on-action that enables practitioners to reflect on their communication skills is breaking-bad news. Bad-news has a variety of meanings attached to it ultimately it may leave the patient with fewer life choices (DHSSPS 2003). Guidelines are available to facilitate breaking of bad news. Guidelines are set out to help the practitioner conduct themselves in an empathetic manner it enables them to ensure the privacy and dignity of the patient have been maintained (DoH 2003). Unable to convey the message appropriately to patients and their families it leaves an indelible mark on the nurse-patient relationship (DHSSPS 2003). Breaking bad news is exhausting, emotionally draining and difficult task for practitioners (OLeary 2010). Because of this it is best for staff to able to reflect upon the situation soon after the event with clinical supervisors, mentor or education facilitators (DHSSPS 2003). Conclusion From this study it can be confirmed that reflection has been widely sourced since John Deweys initial introduction. The models and frameworks of reflection all ask the practitioner to paint the picture of what happened in the clinical setting and asks the practitioner cue questions to make them relate their feeling and emotions experienced during, or after reflecting. Reflective models that end with action plans do not appear truly cyclical and models that form new hypothesis and allow experimentation to test the hypotheses are reflexive and cyclical. Some of the frameworks ask the practitioner to challenge social conflict within their organisations. Becoming proficient in reflection helps practitioners nurse gain a greater edge for understanding patient care they can use this asset to becoming mentors and clinical supervisors. Reflective practice can be challenging and some may find it difficult if all we do is analyse what went wrong this is why it is also important to reflect on what was good in practice. Nurses need to provide evidence of continuing professional development they need to be able to withstand rigours checks to make sure the sustain their registration by the NMC using reflective practice within their clinical environment sets them up for achieving this. Reflective practice using either critical incident analysis or emancipatory reflection aids in learning about communication. Reflective practice can open doors to gaining new knowledge and does not only identify problems encountered but helps nurses to share good experiences. It can positively affect job satisfaction and achievement. Reflection does not have to be a lengthy or exhaustive process allowing room for student nurses or allied health to attempt reflection whilst studying as it this reflective experience that would enrich their knowledge of personal knowing and helps them to link this with patient care. There are different strategies students and practitioner can use to facilitate reflective practice these include keeping journal log, seeking feedback from mentors and clinical supervisors, having a critical friend, making anecdotal notes having group discussion. Attending MDT meetings and going on ward rounds may also facilitate reflection as the patients are discussed at length from when they first came to the health setting and to what has happened to them since.

A Streetcar Name Desire Essay -- Character Analysis, Blanche Dubois

In life you meet various people from all walks of life. In Tennesse Williams play A Streetcar Name Desire, we peep into the characters lives as they have different types of relationships through- out the play. As we notice the characteristics of Man, Women, Society, Alchoholism, Violence, and Sexuality. The contrast amongst today population and things that happened so many years ago can be examined with depth and certainty. To begin with, Blanche Dubois is one of the fascinating characters of the play. One speculation for this is she has a smart way of constructing her so called perfect life seem like an illusion, and making an illusion seem like a perfect life. In scene (1) Blanche is bear comparison to an animal: â€Å"There is something about her uncertain manner, as well as her white clothes, that suggests a moth† (pg.15) Butterflies and moths begins life usually as a caterpillar and, later on turn into something appealing. Blanche pursuit to change, herself as well as , bounce back as a fascinating individual from her cocoon of deceitfulness. The difference between a moth and a butterfly is their way of life. Specifically butterflies are rapid in the day time and moths are active in the night time. The moth likes the dark particularly for feeding. Blanche destiny, to live in gloom symbolizes her ignorance. Blanche is entrap between the past and the present. This started, for the most part, w hen her husband a perverted young man, carry out a horrible death in the result of a suicide. Blanche mocked him with shame of his homosexual act. Remembering, blanche knows deep down in her heart that Allan was the only man she ever loved so dearly, above all blanche is estranged and frightened. Scene (6) Blanche husband death was just t... ...omething sub-human –something not quite the stage of humanity yet! Yes something ape-like about him, like one of those pictures†. Scene (4) †¦Stanley is measured up to an ape, when you think of an ape you see they are quarrelsome. Stanley is connected to the ape , as apes lives in the jungle, for that is their habitat. Therefore Stanley’s habitat is the Elysian Fields †¦which can be looked upon as jungle. In conclusion, what goes on in the dark must come to light an old tale would say. Light is the opposite of darkness and the opposite of one being ignorant. Stanley thinks of himself to be in the mix and tries to build up his knowledge, particularly when it comes to blanche past. Blanche and Stanley differences in attitudes towards their different worlds creates a jungle in which only they are comfortable on knowing how to get out of their complicated life.

Diversity & Globalization

Living in the 21st century, we are more connected to each other than ever. With that being said, there is a necessity for us to maintain our cultural diversity as we merge into such a multicultural world. Multiculturalism is, in essence, the study of how individuals from different ethnic, minority, or rural backgrounds receive, analyze, and respond to information that is presented to them.The principle of cultural diversity takes multiculturalism a step further, changing the mainstream approach so that the different ways of receiving, analyzing, and responding to information are all seen as being culturally aware. In the world of today we are all directly or indirectly involved in the cultural socialization and globalization. At times one is so much engaged in trying to blend in that one forgets to be a real â€Å"self†. Individuals are in the presence of dozens of new and unfamiliar cultures as a result of increased travel, international trade and foreign media contacts.Many people welcome this new diversity as stimulating and enabling while others find it unsettling and are fearful of losing indigenous cultures that is the basis of their livelihood. These feelings have been articulated in various outlets and have been the focus matter of administrative organizations. As a result, many governments in countries scattered around the world must decide how to respond to this situation. Statement of Problem Self is the consciousness of one’s own identity, an essential quality that make a person distinct from all others.In a multi-cultural global society, it is this â€Å"self† or diversity that must be maintained even at a cultural level. There are so many influences upon the world from Western societies, digital entertainment, merchandise, food companies, etc. , that individual rituals or customs of lesser nations begin to fall to the wayside. Along with this is the demise and complete destruction of indigenous groups around the world. This is the problem; throughout all of this globalization and modernization we need to hold onto individual and cultural grass root traditions.It is the loss of indigenous individuality that is instigating the lack of or struggle to maintain diversity in this world. Literature Review Over the ages, distant merchants have landed upon the shores of new nations and either claimed it as their own or created large settlements. These new pioneers have spread their principles and ideas either intentionally or not with no remorse or thought in respecting the indigenous cultures where they have forced their cultures. This has led to the struggle in indigenous people trying to maintain their identity and way of life against that of the new settlers.As a result of foreign trade, globalization has given rise the increased stream of assets. Foreign ventures in oil, gas and mining has risen four to five times between 1988 and 1997. Subsequently, there happens to be an abundant supply of natural resource s in regions populated by indigenous people. These bands of indigenous people are greatly affected by this influx of outside investment and the foreign cultures that accompany it. The cultural uniqueness and socio-economic justness of indigenous people are being threatened in several ways.There is insufficient acknowledgment of the cultural importance of the land and territories that indigenous people inhabit. Mineral removal undertakings lead to extensive dislocation of communities and loss of their farmlands and it affects both their sense of cultural identity and their source of sustainable livelihood. On top of this, Indigenous people are excluded from decision-making processes involving the farm and properties that belong to them. Information gained by indigenous people is also easily misappropriated.Traditional knowledge about plants with medicinal value, food varieties that consumers demand and other valuable knowledge is quickly picked up by capitalists, who apply for patent s on these knowledge. Forero (2003) concluded that seven thousand patents had been granted for the unsanctioned use of traditional knowledge or the misappropriation of medicinal plants. Developing countries, as well as individual indigenous groups, seldom have the resources to challenge these patents in foreign jurisdictions.The number of people living outside their country of birth has increased from seventy-six million in 1960 to one hundred and fifty-four million in 1990 and one hundred and seventy-five million in 2000 (The Guardian, 2001). Scientific advances have made travel and communications extremely fast, inexpensive, and reliable. Based upon this mixing of cultural groups, people are living amongst new cultures and rituals on a daily basis. â€Å"In the spring of 2007, 1,651 residents participated in a random-digit-dialed, computer-assisted telephone survey about a wide range of social and civic issues facing Los Angeles.The dataset also includes the census tract number c orresponding to each respondent’s place of residence, enabling us to consider the demographic context of respondents’ views of racial issues. Census tracts are unlikely to correspond perfectly to residents’ mental image of the ethnic and racial mix contained in their â€Å"neighborhood,† but the tract identifiers provide a useful starting point to consider the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity in local areas across Los Angeles. (Cohen-Marks & Faught, 2010)†The study concluded that there were consistent patterns based on race or ethnicity and that African Americans tend to have more negative perceptions of race relations than other ethnic groups in Los Angeles. This could have an impact regarding enhanced flow of investment, knowledge, cultural goods and people give rise to problems in cultural adjustment and issues of conflict management and control. While some countries oppose migrants from settling and invading their culture and taking up their jobs, others are more open and try to integrate foreign cultures into their own.The Human Development Report (2004) argues that societies and governments must not choose either extreme, but must chose a middle path whereby they can design country specific policies that widen choices by supporting and protecting national identities while also keeping borders open for choosing newer ways of life. Indigenous people are increasingly being drawn into global networks. In the long term, cultural isolation is unlikely to be a viable although sometimes desired option (Smith & Ward, 2000).Global flows of goods, ideas, people and capital can seem to be a threat to national culture. It can lead to the abandonment of traditional values and practices and dismantling of the economic basis on which the survival of indigenous culture depends. A global culture is not about the English language or global brand identities – it is about universal ethics based on universal hum an rights and respect for the freedom, equality and dignity of all individuals. The aim of multicultural policies is to protect cultural iberty and expand people’s choices – in the ways people live and identify themselves – and not to penalize them for those choices. For instance, women in India usually wore saris at work in the 1980’s while they now feel free to wear blouses and trousers to work. People should not be bound to maintain an immutable box called â€Å"a culture† (Human Development Report 2004). One must understand that cultural identities are heterogeneous and evolving and they are subject to dynamic change due to internal inconsistencies and conflicts that drive them.Findings For that reason, a strategy of multiculturalism is supported by the following four principles. First, defending tradition can hold back human development. Cultural conservatism can discourage or prevent people from adopting a different lifestyle which is concurr ently followed gainfully by a different society. Although there might be much that is consonant with universal values and practices, much else might be inconsistent. Such inconsistencies can be removed by learning from other cultures.For instance, a community that is traditionally lazy can learn how people of other societies are more productive and are able to enjoy their life to a greater extent. Second, respecting diversity and differences is essential to becoming a global citizen. The fear of a loss of national identity and culture comes from the belief that cultural diversity leads to conflict. In fact, it is the suppression and opposition of cultural identity and social, political and economic exclusion on the basis of culture that can spark violence and tensions.Third, diversity thrives in a globally interdependent world. Today’s intensified global interactions can function well when these are governed by bonds of shared values, communication and commitment. Societies c an develop cultural freedom by developing multiple and complementary identities as citizens of a state and members of a cultural group as well as being a global citizen (Human Development Report, 2004). Differences and diversity must be respected to avoid morbid mistrust for all things foreign resulting in policies that shut them out.Multiple and complementary identities are a reality in many countries where people have a sense of belonging to the country as well as to a group or groups within it. Lastly, addressing imbalances in economic and political power can help to forestall threats to the cultures of poor and weak communities. Discussion Shutting out ones’ culture from external cultural interactions is not feasible in the face of constant change.However, governments and international institutions can form policies such that traditions consistent with universal values can continue while giving people the choice to change over to newer lifestyles while discarding ineffect ive ones. The current necessity is to launch pro-poor public and corporate governance, effective social and environmental policies and respect for human rights though discussions with governments, indigenous people’s organizations, industry, labor unions and academia.Many private companies and indigenous people are working together for development. The World Intellectual Property Organization’s General Assembly established an Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore in October 2000 (Human Development Report, 2004). Intellectual property rights are being extended in countries like Australia to protect traditional knowledge of indigenous communities. The essence is to include and integrate indigenous people in a globally integrated world.States and international institutions need to take the following measures in order to incorporate the concerns of indigenous peoples into the flow of investment and kn owledge: explicitly recognize indigenous people’s rights over their physical and intellectual property require consultations with indigenous communities and their participation for the use of any resource, thus ensuring informed consent, and empower communities by developing strategies to share benefits. Whether to treat cultural goods like any other commercial good or to make them an exception has become a highly contested issue in international trade negotiations.Some people consider products like films to be commodities with others feel that these are cultural products conveying values, ideas and meaning and therefore deserving special treatment. Accordingly several groups like those of film directors have led measures to insert â€Å"cultural exception† clauses into trade rules, thereby excluding cinema and other audiovisual foods from their provisions. The cultural exceptions touch people’s concerns that their national cultures might be swept away by the ec onomic forces in the global market, threatening their cultural identity.Many people fear that foreign films and television programs will spread foreign culture and eventually obliterate local cultures and traditional values. However, free flows of foreign products widen cultural choices and do not necessarily weaken commitment to national culture. Teenagers the world over listen to rap but that has not meant the death of classical music or local fold music traditions while attempts to shut off foreign influences might only lead to smuggled access to such products.Some countries, like Hungary, protect their productions through a quota of fifteen percent for national programs on the national television channel (Cohen, 2004). Once again, protection would involve reducing or blocking imports thereby decreasing expansion of diversity and choice. On the other hand promotion can help in maintaining healthy cultural industries while also keeping trade links open. In Hungary, six percent of the television receipts go to the production of Hungarian films.The 2001 Declaration on Cultural Diversity of the UNESCO set the stage for a number of international initiatives to encourage cultural diversity and biodiversity. The emergence of cultural industries can be supported by local governments. Local infrastructure can be created to export cultural products as well as build business incubators to encourage small and medium sized companies to market their products. International funds can also be mobilized for the same. Cultural tourism and partnerships with the World Trade Organization can disseminate advice to host communities on ways and means to protect and promote indigenous cultures.A number of creative methods can be undertaken to enhance the choices and enriching the changing culture. It is extremely common for more and more immigrants to be living in foreign lands while maintaining close ties with their country of origin through low cost travel and communications. The re are polarized solutions to this issue. Some would like to acknowledge the diversity and promote the inclusion of immigrants, while an alternative advocated by anti-immigrant groups would be to close countries to flows of people reversing the trend of increasing diversity.Those fearing that immigrants threaten national values make three arguments: that immigrants reject the core values of the country; that immigrant and local cultures clash inevitably leading to social conflict and fragmentation and that immigrant cultures are inferior and if allowed a foothold would undermine democracy and retard progress, a drain on economic and social development. Accommodating multiple cultures is not an ea sy job and requires blurring the boundaries that separate â€Å"us† and â€Å"not us†.People easily feel the dangers of having to accept those that are â€Å"not us† into their own groups in the future with possible accompanying degenerations. Although accepting multipl e cultures is difficult, history shows that it does happen. Contrary to popular beliefs that immigration can lead to cultural degeneration, immigration actually supports economic growth and development. Seventy percent of the foreign born students who get doctorates in the USA stay there and contribute to the country’s development.The way forward to this dilemma would be one of cultural recognition and socio-economic and political inclusion. Traditionally, there have been two approaches towards immigrants: differentialism and assimilation (Human Development Report, 2004). Differentialist polities help maintain clear boundaries between groups and respect them as separate communities, while assimilation policies seek to make immigrants become â€Å"more like us†. Both these approaches are inadequate for societies that respect diversity and differences.Culturally diverse societies are not predestined to disintegrate or to lose their national cultures and identities. Immig rants can in fact become full members of their adopted countries and still maintain ties to their countries of origin. The challenge is to craft polities that integrate the objectives of unity and respect for difference and diversity. Multiculturalism has recently become a third approach to integrating immigrants into the mainstream, one that recognizes the value of diversity and supports multiple identities.It began in Canada in the early 1960’s, when Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau articulated the idea in response to the challenges of a diverse population of indigenous people, French and English settlers (Human Development Report, 2004). Multiculturalism is not only about recognizing different value systems and cultural practices within society – it is also about building a common commitment to core, non-negotiable values such as human rights, rule of law, gender equality, and diversity and tolerance (IOM, 2003).Australia and India describe this as â€Å"Unity in Dive rsity† or Vasudevaya Kutumbakam – the world is a global family. Such a policy emphasizes not only the freedom of individuals to express and share their cultural values but also abide by mutual civic obligations. Conclusion Throughout this paper, the topic of globalization has been looked at through its effects on indigenous cultures. Indigenous cultures are affected by the flow of investment and knowledge, flow of cultural goods and the flow of people.It was argued that a multicultural approach must be followed while respecting the diversity and differences of various cultures. None of the flows should be shut off in order to protect the indigenous as this can only lead to myopia and lack of informed choice. Cultures are naturally changing due to inherent inconsistencies and there is much to gain from diverse cultures. Indigenous people must be included in the decision making process related to their physical and intellectual property in an interconnected world.Cultural products can be promoted through creative funding without shutting off trade links. Immigrant populations are capable of nurturing multiple identities, which can be enriched through a multicultural policy based on respect for differences and diversity. A globally interdependent world needs a multicultural strategy for native residents and immigrants that incorporate the fundamental principles of human rights and duties that benefit everyone.Complementary identities, or one’s â€Å"self† can evolve across national boundaries under these circumstances and identity and freedom can then flourish in a culturally diverse world.References Cohen-Marks, M. , & Faught, J.. (2010). Perceptions of Race Relations in Contexts of Ethnic Diversity and Change. Sociological Perspectives, 53(1), 73-98. Retrieved November 5, 2010, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Document ID: 1989814121). Forero, J. (2003). â€Å"Seeking Balance: Growth vs. Culture in Amazon† The New York T imes, 10 December. Human Development Report (2004). Oxford University Press: Oxford, England. IOM (International Organization for Migration) (2003). â€Å"Integration of Migrants: The IOM Approach. † Geneva. [http://www. iom. si/pdf/Indegration%20master. pdf]. Retrieved November 25, 2010. Lega, Nord (2004). â€Å"Stop Ai Clandestini† [http://www. leganord. org/a_2_docpolitici_ clandestini. htm]. Retrieved November 24, 2010. Smith, C. and Ward, G. K. (2000). Indigenous Cultures in an interconnected world, UBC Press: Vancouver.

History of Guidiance and Counselling in Nigeria

What's the historical development of guidance and counselling in Nigeria? African nations are in a hurry to educate citizens in order to modernize and enhance their social, economic and political development. The concept of guidance and counseling, although relatively new in Africa has been embraced by most developing nations with enormous enthusiasm. This is because counseling is being regarded by most nations as an educational service through which efficient manpower for development can be attained.Counseling practice, however, does run into frequent clashes with African traditions and development goals typical of developing countries. In order to become fully acceptable at this initial stage, the guidance and counseling profession in Africa must tolerate some compromises and modifications from its original philosophy in the Western sense. Several events led to the institutionalization of guidance and counselling in Nigerian school system.Most prominent was the efforts of a group o f Catholic nuns at the St. Theresa's College, Oke-Ado, Ibadan. The Catholic nuns developed a career workshop for all the school's graduating students during the 1959 academic session, especially in the area of subject selection and job search. A major outcome of the workshop was the distribution of the much needed career information that enabled 54 out of the 60 graduating students to gain full employment upon their graduation.The workshop on guidance and counselling held at the comprehensive high school, Aiyetoro in 1963 where Mr. R. O. Rees delivered a paper titled â€Å"The role of the guidance counsellor in a comprehensive high school† was also instrumental to the emergence of guidance and counselling in Nigeria. So, was the book written by Mr. C. I. Berepiki entitled, An approach to guidance in schools. This book inspired the Federal Government of Nigeria to develop a workshop on guidance and counselling in schools.Through these efforts, the Federal government was able t o appreciate the role guidance and counselling needed to play in the nation's overall development that later motivated the Federal Ministry of Education to appoint Mr. C. I. Berepiki to take full charge of the coordination of school guidance and counselling services in Nigeria's school system. Another force that led to the emergence of professional counselling in Nigeria has to do with the events that cropped up after the Nigerian civil war. At the end of the civil war, there arose the dire need to rehabilitate the war victims.The post-war social, political, economic, religious and educational problems, which students, workers and the general public had to face, became enormous such that the less trained career masters/mistresses could not cope. This necessitated a very high demand for guidance counsellors who were expected to provide veritable counselling interventions in the rehabilitation of the war victims. One approach then was for the Federal Government of Nigeria to grant sch olarship to most candidates who desired to pursue masters' degree in guidance and counselling in any Nigerian universities.The introduction of the new National Policy of Education in Nigeria (commonly referred to as the 6-3-3-4 system of Education) for the whole country in 1977, with major revision in 1981, which had among its features, the introduction of a new educational focus for the primary and secondary levels of education also influenced the emergence of guidance and counselling in Nigeria. This policy was a major break away from the existing educational policy that was bequeathed to the nation by the British colonial masters at independence.Under the previous arrangement, secondary school students were expected to spend five years in the secondary school. In addition, the curriculum tended to emphasize much of liberal type of education. But the new policy extended the number of years in secondary school from five years to six years. It further divided secondary education int o two levels: junior secondary school (where the student was expected to spend three years) and the senior secondary school level (where the student was expected to spend the remaining three years).

Wjorld War II essays

Wjorld War II essays When war broke out, there was no way the world could possibly know the severity of this guerre. Fortunately one country saw and understood that Germany and its allies would have to be stopped. Americas Involvement in World War II not only contributed in the eventual downfall of the insane Adolph Hitler and his Third Reich, but also came at the precise time and moment. Had the United States entered the war any earlier the consequences might have been worse. Over the years it has been an often heated and debated issue on whether the United States could have entered the war sooner and thus have saved many lives. To try to understand this we must look both at the people and governments point of view. Just after war broke out in Europe, President Roosevelt hurriedly called his cabinet and military advisors together. There it was agreed that the United States stay neutral in these affairs. One of the reasons given was that unless America was directly threatened they had no reason to be involved. This reason was a valid one because it was the American policy to stay neutral in any affairs not having to do with them unless American soil was threatened directly. Thus the provisional neutrality act passed the senate by seventy-nine votes to two in 1935. On August 31, Roosevelt signed it into law. In 1936 the law was renewed, and in 1937 a "comprehensive and permanent" neutrality act was passed (Hart 142). The desire to avoid "foreign entanglements" of all kinds had been an American foreign policy for more than a century. A very real "geographical Isolation" permitted the United States to "fill up the empty lands of North America free from the threat of foreign conflict"(Hart 391). Even if Roosevelt had wanted to do more in this European crisis (which he did not), there was a factor too often ignored by critics of American policy-American military weakness. When asked to evaluate how ma...

Giddens Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Giddens Sociology - Essay Example As the discussion stresses the obsessive concern about dieting and life-threatening forms of anorexia are spreading like epidemics in western societies. Astonishingly they are connected with social factors, experiences and the ‘inter-connections between social life and the body,’. Giddens says ‘sociology of the body’ depends on two major themes, one, ‘the effects of social change on the body’ and another, ‘the increasing separation of the body from nature,’ and hence, is connected with the reproductive technologies, which was referred to as social technologies by Foucault, meaning our intervention in the regular functioning of the body. Wide spreading of anorexia could also be caused by globalization and acceptance of western culture. This paper declares that Gidden feels that every British is dieting all the while, not only by eating less, but also by being decisively choosy about the right food. Advertisements, scientific and medical constant information and recent discoveries coming through a bombarding media, regarding cholesterol and its connection with heart disease, and calorie content of different foods influence people’s decisions. Today, we are able to design and shape our own bodies by exercising, dieting and making constant decisions about food habits, even though the situation causes enormous stress and tension. If women embark into exercising regime for attaining ‘body beautiful’, men are concerned about the careful cultivation of muscular bodies.

The EU has significantly contributed to improving the position of Essay

The EU has significantly contributed to improving the position of atypical workers - Essay Example In these years, there have emerged new forms of work with the changing corporate cultures and requirements of work. These forms include part time work, self employed work, temporary agency work, and others. The number of ‘atypical workers’ has been rising in recent years in the European Union. The broad class of an atypical worker in the EU includes workers on fixed term contracts, construction industry workers, agency workers etc. But unlike a ‘typical’, regular, full-time employee, these atypical workers are guaranteed fewer occupational rights and protection as dictated by the legislation1. This is so because they deviate considerably from the definition of ‘standard’ occupation and regular labour laws seldom apply to them (Broughton, 2010, p.2). But over the past decade, there have been legislations in order to protect the rights of these workers. For example, the Council Directive of December 1997 and June 1999, concerning the framework on part-time and fixed-time work respectively. In the EU, there have been many directions picked to regulate the atypical workers. One of the attempts made was to make sure that the workers and their type of work is not discriminated, thus a new legal concept was regulated which stated that the category of ‘employment’ set under the legal framework, and the subordination criteria not to be used as an instrument to discriminate between the workers of the organization. However, in 2005, the Commission’s Communication on the Social Agenda proposed the Green Paper which was to analyse the work patterns and the position of the labour law to enhance the development of the trends of work. The Green Paper was ‘Modernizing labour law to meet the challenges of the 21st century’ and it was presented in 2006. It subjected to the increase of the atypical contracts with the strong integration of women and older workers represented too2. Another direction taken by the EU on the

US Economic Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

US Economic Performance - Essay Example According to the report findings GDP growth is also boosted by business spending or investments. This could be ascribed favorable financial conditions and rising business confidence levels as well as growth in labor productivity. Economic growth is also fuelled by government spending. Similar to individual consumers, the government also has a high consumption propensity as opposed to saving tendency. Such economic condition may be favorable in the short run. It may also be disastrous in the long run since it may result to increased domestic and foreign borrowings. This paper declares that economic growth is usually accompanied by rising inflation brought about by the increasing aggregate demand. Despite current economic expansion, CPI is maintained at reasonable levels in the US. However, an increase in CPI may be expected within the remainder of year due to the steady increase in the price of energy. Increase in price level is forecasted because of the projected escalation in production cost resulting from the cost of employee benefits and raw material. Generally, the US has performed fairly well and met its economic targets to date. The country has generated GDP growth for the first quarter of 2005. Albeit its unemployment rate is marginally higher than its target, improvements in the labor market are notable. The CPI is also within the normal range. Given these conditions, economic perspective for the short run could be described as promising.

The Glory that was Euro Disney Essay Example for Free

The Glory that was Euro Disney Essay When youve walked up the Rue la Paix at Paris, Been to the Louvre and the Tuileries, And to Versailles, although to go so far is A thing not quite consistent with your ease, Andbut the mass of objects quite a bar is To my describing what the traveller sees. You who have ever been to Paris, know; And you who have not been to Parisgo! John Ruskin, A Tour Through France Michael Eisner, CEO of Disney Co. once noted, â€Å"As Americans, the word ‘Euro’ is believed to mean glamorous or exciting. For Europeans, it turned out to be a term they associated with business, currency, and commerce. Renaming the park ‘Disneyland Paris’ was a way of identifying it with one of the most romantic and exciting cities in the world† This was maybe the reason why Walt Disney Company, a company renowned for its animated character, good films and theme parks, chose Paris for its second business venture outside the United States. In the 1980s, Eisner was able to export Walt Disney Company to Tokyo, and it was a huge success. Eisner wanted to make his Paris venture as successful as Tokyo Disneyland, however, the venture turned out to be a failure earning more debts for the company than actual profits. What has gone wrong? What were the actors which had lead to the failure of Euro Disney? These are questions which make good learning questions for management students. This paper aims to answer the following questions:: 1. Why did Disney choose Paris over the other sites in Europe that it was evaluating? 2. What were the external environmental factors that contributed to Euro-Disney’s failure in the early 1990’s and why? 3. What were the internal factors that contributed to Euro-Disney’s failure and why? The Beauty of Paris In order for us to know why Paris was the place chosen by Walt Disney for its business venture, let us first do a little background of this popular destination in the world. Paris, the capital city of France, is one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe (Stefan Helders, World Gazetteer). It is one of the worlds leading business and cultural centers today; in fact, Paris \is Europes biggest city economy, and is fifth in the Worlds list of cities by GDP. It is also now known as one of the most popular tourist destinations. Paris has been a symbol for classical Romance. However, in addition to its rich cultural heritage, Paris is also a magnet for corporate France, which is composed of innovative business companies, a motivated and skilled workforce and the political will to make business happen. According to the PARIS DEVELOPPEMENT, a project of the City of Paris and the Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry, there are seven unique value propositions which makes it the right place to do business in, which are as follows, †¢ Paris is one of the richest urban centers in the world, equivalent to 5% of the total EU GDP. †¢ It is located at the heart of the Ile de France which ties with London for first place as a city to do business in, benefiting from market proximity, excellent infrastructure, qualified labor and security. †¢ Paris provides the nexus for several vibrant Trade Clusters – notably in the fields of design, digital and health. †¢ It is a centre for innovative companies, backed by a strong tradition and range of RD facilities. †¢ Paris is a major decision-making centre, and it serves as a host to the headquarters of international organisations (European Space Agency, OECD, UNESCO†¦), and trans-national corporations. †¢ Paris is the world capital for trade fairs, conferences and exhibitions. †¢ Paris is a beneficiary of an active local government that understands the needs of business and is putting resources to work in favor of creating, encouraging and promoting business. (Paris Developpement, 2006) Many business analysts have tried to explain the real motive in the expansion of Walt Disney Company abroad. It is believed that some of the reasons are cost cutting, in the form of cheap building material or labor. Cost cutting further leads to an increase in revenue and to better functioning with tax and labor laws. H This further leads to a success in market expansion. This was probably the reasons why Walt Disney Company chose Paris, France as the site of Euro Disneyland. The first theme park outside US in Tokyo, Japan was a huge success. Scimone in 1981 believed that the Walt Disney Executives believed they learned so much about operating a theme park in anther country, so they looked at Europe as the site of a forth park. This was because they have observed that Disney films have done better in Europe than in the United States. They believed that the public’s fascination wit Disney films could contribute to a future success of a Walt Disney Theme park in this area. Initially, there were two choices: Costa del Sol in Spain and Paris in France. Finally, the business executives of Walt Disney chose Paris because of ots larger population and its spectacular transportation network (Scimone, 1989). Paris also has a similar cold weather climate and latitude with Tokyo. Thus Paris was selected. The site for Euro Disneyland is Marne-la-Vallee, a large parcel of land, once used for agriculture. This place is an ideal geographic location, in the sense that it is located halfway between the two international airports of Orly and Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle. The mode of transportation which connects Marne-la-Vallee with the Paris metropolis is the French railway regional express, making it an accessible area. External environmental factors There were a lot of issues which had confronted Disney Euro from the start. The idea of an American company running a French staff was a subject of debate and controversy. Critics have found it as a form of cultural imperialism or neoprovincialism. There were a lot of protest groups opposing the presence of Euro Disney in Paris. In June 1992, French framers had marched to Euro Disney in protest to American farm policies. All around, Euro Disney was met with criticism and protest. A journalist in the French newspaper Le Figaro wrote, â€Å"I wish with all my heart that the rebels would set fire to Disneyland. Ariane Mnouchkine, a Parisian stage director, named the concept a â€Å"cultural Chernobyl†; which later on became a phrase synonymous with Euro Disney, in its starting years. Another target of criticism and controversy is the fact that American executives demanded English to be spoken at all meetings. Euro Disneys management has also made a set of rules for its staff, which involved the use of make up, facial hair, tattoos and jewelry for personal appearance enhancement. This was much for the traditional Frenchmen to bear. As a result, French labour unions began to stage more protests on the streets, attacking the said appearance code, which appeared to them as â€Å"an attack on individual liberty. † Indeed, this issues revolved around the fact that French culture was way too far different from American culture. Some protest parties have labeled Disney as being insensitive to French culture, individualism, and privacy. The French Law focused more on individual or collective liberties, more than the American law. It told the French citizens to exercise their rights whenever necessary. In response to these reactions, Disney emphasized the fact that these efforts are for the good image and long term success of the park. Thor Degelmann, Euro Disney’s personal Director had remarked, â€Å"For us, the appearance code has a great effect from a product identification standpoint†¦without it we couldn’t be presenting the Disney product that people would be expecting. † The Walt Disney Company had been known for the implementation of their strict rules and risk management requirements. This may be unacceptable to the Frenchmen, who wanted to preserve their rich cultural heritage and establish their own individuality. Furthermore, Americans found it hard to deal wit the legal framework derived from the Napoleonic code. Shapiro in 1989 has illustrated a good example of the blending of two different systems, in the form of the difference in insurance laws in France and the United States. The French law requires an insurance policy that covers property damage and third-party claims stemming from construction-related defects. Walt Disney Company would have preferred to purchase a three-year contract as would be allowed by American standards, but could not since they were developing in another country. Instead, the Walt Disney Company had to abide by French Laws. All of these problems are what a typical foreign company experiences when doing business abroad. Indeed, a great deal pf time, patience, understanding, education and willingness to accept and compromise are necessary in this process. An example of the clashing culture between the Americans and the French is the issue of banning alcohol in its theme parks. The French met this with protest, as their tradition is to give a glass of wine to a guest during mealtimes. After much consideration, in May 1993, the Walt Disney Company changed its policy and allowed wine and beer in the Euro Disneyland theme park. American executives of the Walt Disney Company did not also understand the European breakfast norms. Disney executives, thinking that Europeans do not eat sit-down breakfasts, have reduced the number of restaurants serving breakfasts. This resulted to a cramped restaurant space jam packed with breakfast eaters who wanted bacon and eggs, a behavior that the Americans failed to realize before.