Gender Roles Essay -- Papers

Gender Roles The affects of gender roles on people greatly change the way the society runs. According to the Webster's dictionary the definition of gender are the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex, and the definition of role is a character assigned or assumed. The key word in this definition is assumed; therefore, whether you are male or female, you know what role you must play in society. Traditional gender roles are beneficial to society. They benefit society in many ways including keeping stability, order and generally making life easier. Women have to work two jobs: outside the home and within the home, taking care of the children. Children that are not raised by their parents do not end up as well as kids that are. These are some of the many reasons why we should have traditional gender roles. Gender roles provide stability and order in society. For example, in societies with traditional gender roles there are arranged marriages. Arranged marriages provide stability and order, because it takes the stress off women and men. It also eliminates the fear of rejection from either side. It keeps order because the woman will stay in the house, take care of the kids while the men will go out and make a living for the family supporting them with money. Additionally, women work too hard in non- traditional role societies. In non-traditional role societies, women work too hard with the combined jobs of house and the workload outside the house. Men and woman have called a cease-fire on the fight between gender roles that took place during much of 20th century. However, now the problem is .. ...ty, and in non- traditional gender role societies woman are over worked by the stress of their job combined with household work. Lastly woman are better nurturers than men therefore they should stay home with the children. Traditional gender roles are beneficial to society. Work Cited ---------- 1) Anderson, Porter. CNN. 1998. 08 Apr. 2002 . 2)Gender Studies University of Gdansk. 02 Feb. 1991. University of Gdansk. 07 Apr. 2002 . 3) Morin, Richard, and Megan Rosenfeld. Washington Post. 22 Mar. 1998. 07 Apr. 2002 . 4) Role of Woman in Islam. 10 Apr. 2002 . 5) The Family: At Home is a Heartless World. Vol. 1. N.p.: Harper Collins, 1995.

Symbolism and Religious Drama: T.S. Eliot’s Murder in the Cathedral

In 1163, a quarrel began between the British King Henry II and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket. The men had been good friends, but each felt that his interests should be of primary concern to the nation and that the other should acquiesce to his demands. Becket fled to France in 1164 in order to rally support from the Catholic French for his cause and also sought an audience with the Pope. After being officially (although not personally) reconciled with the King, Becket returned to England in 1170, only to be murdered as he prayed in Canterbury Cathedral by four of Henry's Knights. Three years later, he was canonized and pilgrims—Henry among them—have made their way to his tomb ever since. The allure of such a story for a dramatist is obvious: there is a great conflict between human and divine power, a strong central character and a number of complicated spiritual issues to be found in his death. In 1935, T. S. Eliot answered this â€Å"calling† to compose a play for that year's Canterbury Festival; the result was a work that revitalized verse drama—a form that had not been widely employed for almost three hundred years. Critics praised Eliot's use of verse and ability to invest a past historical event with modern issues and themes, such as the ways in which lay persons react to the intrusion of the supernatural in their daily lives. In part because it is a religious drama which appeared long after such plays were popular, Murder in the Cathedral is still performed, studied, and regarded as one of Eliot's major works, a testament to his skill as a poet and dramatist. In its assessment of Eliot's importance to modern English literature, A Literary History of England argues that a shift from despair to hope-a change from â€Å"the ‘inert resignation' of those who breathe the small, dry air of modern spiritual emptiness† to something more positive and potentially transcendent-can first be detected in Eliot's â€Å"Ash-Wednesday† (1930), â€Å"of which the theme is the search for peace found in humble and quiet submission to God's Will†. This theme, clearly an expression of the Anglo-Catholicism Eliot embraced during his life, appears again throughout Murder in the Cathedral. It informs and breathes through the entire text of the play, as the commentary above has demonstrated. In Murder in the Cathedral, the â€Å"inert resignation† of modern life manifests itself in the Chorus' refusal to embrace transcendence: the women of Canterbury are content to go on â€Å"living and partly living. † As they state, even imploringly to Becket, on several occasions, they â€Å"do not wish anything to happen. They do not want the wheel of God's pattern to begin turning. As do all moderns in Eliot's estimation, they â€Å"fear the injustice of men less than the justice of God. † They are not ready to live, as Becket was, â€Å"out of time. â€Å"Yet, through Becket as he portrays him, Eliot forcefully argues that such transcendence must be achieved. In keeping with biblical testimony about the nature of spir itual power versus temporal power, however, Eliot posits that transcendence cannot be achieved by force. It arises, not through utilitarian machinations (such as those the Four Tempters propose to Becket in Part I), but by, in the Literary History's words, â€Å"humble and quiet submission to God's Will. † As Becket himself declares, â€Å"I give my life / To the Law of God above the Law of Man. † His triumphant affirmation of faith echoes the words of the New Testament: â€Å"Whether it is right in God's sight to listen to you rather than to God, you must judge; for we cannot keep from speaking about what we have seen and heard† (Acts 4:19-20); or again, â€Å"Do you not know that friendship with the world is enmity with God? (James 4:4). Only by valuing â€Å"friendship†-i. e. , a total alignment of mind and soul and will-with the spiritual, with God, over such friendship with the world or the temporal order of the status quo, can â€Å"peace†-that elusive goal referred to throughout the play: in Becket's fragile relationship with King Henry; as Bec ket's greeting to the Chorus in Parts I and II; as the turning of God's wheel of providence-be found. In this way, the themes of Murder in the Cathedral aptly crystallize the themes of Eliot's own life-long work. The wheel was a symbol, in medieval times, of the â€Å"wheel of life† or the â€Å"wheel of fortune,† â€Å"which never stands still, being constantly subject to the turns of fate† (Dictionary of Symbolism, p. 379). No doubt Eliot draws on these ancient associations in his text's multiple references to the wheel, but he also subverts them by stating that, in fact, the wheel of fate-or, in Eliot's Anglo-Catholic worldview, of God's providence and plan for history-has in fact been standing still during Becket's seven-year absence from Canterbury. As discussed earlier, the length of Becket's exile is itself of metaphorical importance, since seven symbolizes totality and completeness. ) Becket's task is to set the wheel turning again: to take his part, willingly and completely, in God's â€Å"pattern† (another word-image that occurs frequently in the text) so that the wheel can resume turning and that â€Å"peace† can replace the mere existence of â₠¬Å"living and partly living. â€Å"The seasons also carry symbolic freight in Eliot's play. The most notable example is the Chorus' invocations of the passage of the seasons at the beginning of Part I and then at the end of Part II. At the beginning of the play, the passing seasons are in actuality one long season of waiting, one endless Advent. But by the play's end, after Becket's martyrdom, the seasons in their cycle have become part of human beings: â€Å"Even in us the voices of seasons . praise Thee. † Eliot's use of seasonal imagery will no doubt remind readers of his work in The Waste Land (1922). That epic poem's first line, â€Å"April is the cruelest month,† reinforces the poem's dominant mood of pessimism in the face of what Eliot sees as the moral and spiritual bankruptcy of the then still-young twentieth century. As in Murder in the Cathedral, the passage of the seasons in The Waste Land is not a healthy cycle of life, death, and rebirth. Life has become stuck in â€Å"living and partly living. † Still, even The Waste Land was â€Å"not merely a poem of despair of the present but of hope and promise for the future, since at the close the thunder speaks, foretelling the coming of the life-giving rain† (Baugh, p. 586). In a similar way, Murder in the Cathedral ends in hope-although more tempered by a realization of humanity's reluctance and inability to, in Becket's words, â€Å"bear too much reality. † Still, the â€Å"redemption† of the seasons is an important symbolic motif in the play, as it was in Eliot's earlier work. Becket's retur n to Canterbury is clearly framed in terms that allude to Jesus' â€Å"Palm Sunday† entrance into Jerusalem. For example, the Messenger's description of how the crowds are greeting the returning Becket-â€Å"with scenes of frenzied enthusiasm, / Lining the road and throwing down their capes, / Strewing the way with leaves and late flowers of the season†-is surely intended to remind Eliot's audience of Jesus' so-called â€Å"triumphal entry† into the holy city of Jerusalem on Palm Sunday: â€Å"Many people spread their cloaks on the road, and others spread leafy branches that they had cut in the fields† (Mark 11:8; see also parallels in Matthew 21 and Luke 19). In some Christian liturgical traditions, Palm Sunday is also called â€Å"Passion Sunday,† to indicate that it is the beginning of Jesus' sufferings. Thus, Eliot strongly associates Becket's â€Å"triumphal entry† into Canterbury with Jesus' â€Å"triumphal entry† into Jerusalem-a seeming victory procession that leads to martyrdom and death, and can therefore be considered victorious only in hindsight, through the eyes of faith, on the far side of resurrection. (A further allusion to the Palm Sunday narrative, incidentally, occurs when the second priest tells the women to keep silent, earning himself a rebuke from Becket. In a similar way, Jesus rebuked the religious authorities of his day for ordering the crowds who welcomed him to keep silence: Jesus told them, â€Å"I tell you, if these were silent, the stones would shout out† [Luke 19:40]. ) Overall, these parallels are meant to establish Becket as a salvific Christ-figure whose death will bring the blessing of transcendence to humanity. As Eliot wrote in Becket's Christmas sermon, mourning and rejoicing (note the repeated refrain, â€Å"Rejoice we all, keeping holy day†) commingle at Christmas; birth and death jostle for worshipers' attention; martyrdom-witness-takes precedence in the church's marking of the time. Understanding the significance of these three festival days increases our appreciation of the martyr's purpose, as exemplified in Becket's own death: to make transcendence available to human. The titular hero of the biblical book of Daniel, who remains steadfast to God (in the context of Eliot's dichotomy, read: spiritual) in the face of pressures to assimilate to a pagan (read: temporal) culture. Ezekiel 14:14, 20 also praise Daniel as an exemplar of righteousness, even as Becket is as he faces death. Ironically, of course, Daniel, according to the Bible, was delivered from the lions' den as a consequence of his faithfulness to God. No such physical deliverance awaits Becket. The archbishop does, however, seem to mirror the attitude of Daniel's three friends Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who, faced with death in a fiery furnace for refusing to worship an idol, declared, â€Å"If our God whom we serve is able to deliver us. let him deliver us. But if not, be it known to you, O king that we will not serve your gods. † (Daniel 3:17-18). Becket, like Daniel's friends, is ready to die for God (the spiritual): â€Å"Do with me as you will† (p. 76). Thus, the knights' invocation of Daniel at this point in the text creates a wealth of allusive value that illuminates Eliot's themes. The impending moment of Becket's martyrdom takes on an existential significance as the Chorus reflects upon what awaits humanity after death. The Chorus identifies Death s â€Å"God's silent servant,† and acknowledges, in orthodox fashion, that Judgment awaits mortals â€Å"behind the face of Death. † The Chorus then, however, strikes a decidedly unorthodox tone in affirming that â€Å"behind Judgment [is] the Void, more horrid than active shapes of hell† (p. 71). In terms that again echo Eliot's earlier work, The Waste Land, the Chorus describes this Void as: â€Å"Emptiness, absence, separation from God; / The horro r of the effortless journey, to the empty land / Which is no land, only emptiness, absence, the Void. † (p. 71). Ironically, however, it is this very â€Å"Void,† free of distraction, with no opportunity to avoid a truthful gazing upon oneself, that Becket is embracing in choosing to die a martyr's death. This speech of the Chorus thus seems to emphasize, once more, a distinction in Eliot's mind between men like Becket-the â€Å"saints† who cause the wheel of God's pattern in time to turn-and ordinary mortals, who are content-even though they deny it! -to merely exist, to be only and always in Advent, only and always waiting, only and always â€Å"living and partly living. † Truly, we cannot bear too much reality! We do not wish to stare into the void, the abyss. But Eliot, like other existential thinkers of the twentieth century, understand that peering into that abyss is fundamentally a salvific, liberating act, signified in Eliot's play by the â€Å"saving† consequences of Becket's death for a world that would rather not be saved. Character profilesThe Chorus is an unspecified number of Canterbury's women, is a corporate character serving the same purposes as does the chorus in Greek drama: to develop and, more importantly, to comment on the action of the play. The women's initial speech fairly defines their dramaturgic role: â€Å"We are forced to bear witness. † And yet this chorus, like its ancient Greek predecessors, is no mere, dispassionate, objective â€Å"eyewitness†; rather, it is a witness bearing testimony to truth-almost as in a legal proceeding, but that analogy fails to capture the nature of the testimony the chorus offers. In commenting upon the action of Thomas Becket's murder, the women are voicing insights into, reflections on, and conclusions about time, destiny, and life and death. In the end, they emerge as representatives of ordinary people-such as those who make up the audience of the play, or its readership-people who, mired in and having settled for an existence of â€Å"living and partly living,† are unable to greet transcendence when it is offered to them. As they state in the play's final moments, not everyone can bear the â€Å"loneliness, surrender, deprivation† necessary to become a saint. Not all can be saints-but all can pray for their intercession. Thomas Becket is the Archbishop of Canterbury, former Chancellor to King Henry II, now estranged from the monarch because he insists upon the right of the Church to rule in spiritual matters-a rule that, in practice, has ramifications for how the king ought to rule in temporal matters. Unlike the Chorus, Becket is able to stare into the existential abyss-that â€Å"Void† behind death and judgment, mentioned in Part II, that is â€Å"more horrid than active shapes of hell. Becket is often accused of pride in the play, but he is actually humble in submitting himself completely to the will of God as he comprehends it. His death offers a glimpse of how transcendence can be achieved: the only question that remains is whether the rest of humanity is able to trace the same path, to â€Å"give [its] life / To the Law of God above the Law of Man. â€Å"The Four Tempters present Becket, in Part I of the drama, with various ways of avoiding his impending death as a martyr. Their temptations correlate, to one degree or another, with the justifications of Becket's assassination offered to the audience by The Four Knights at the end of the play. In a prefatory note to the play's third edition (1937), Eliot indicated that the roles of the Tempters had been intended to be doubled-that is, played by the same actors-as the roles of the Knights, thus underscoring the connection between the two quartets in an even stronger fashion. The Three Priests serve the (admittedly little) dramatic action of Eliot's play, particularly in Part II, when they urge Becket to bar the doors of the Cathedral against the knights-although they characterize them as savage beasts-who seek his life. They could thus be seen as representing the temporal order: indeed, Becket at one point accuses them of thinking only as the world does-â€Å"You argue by results, as this world does. † On the other hand, the Priests also are capable of offering insight into the spiritual order. For example, the Third Priest affirms the Church's endurance in the face of world built on the ruins of the presumed absence of God; and earlier, he offers a key interpretive insight by stating, â€Å"Even now, in sordid particulars / The eternal design may appear. † Like so many of us, then, the priests have one foot, so to speak, in the spiritual and the other in the temporal; and they struggle to balance the two orders as best they can, as do we all. Unfortunately, according to the argument of Eliot's drama, there can ultimately be no balancing: peace-that is to say, transcendence-is to be found only in the complete submission to God's design, God's pattern, God's wheel of providence. Mortals, say both Jesus and Eliot, cannot serve two masters-and so the Priests are fundamentally impotent, unable to do anything but to pray to God with heavy reliance upon the intercession of Saint Becket, as they, in their own way but like the Chorus, go on â€Å"living and partly living. â€Å"

Female Body Image and the Mass Media Essay - 931 Words

The media is a fascinating tool; it can deliver entertainment, self-help, intellectual knowledge, information, and a variety of other positive influences; however, despite its advances for the good of our society is has a particular blemish in its physique that targets young women. This blemish is seen in the unrealistic body images that it presents, and the inconsiderate method of delivery that forces its audience into interest and attendance. Women are bombarded with messages from every media source to change their bodies, buy specific products and redefine their opinion of beauty to the point where it becomes not only a psychological disease, but a physical one as well. The issue, as mentioned above, is largely due to the fact that the†¦show more content†¦Anorexia is one such process that is growing in popularity and affecting â€Å"three to five percent of young Canadian women [between the ages of] 14 and 25† (Milne 5). Dr. Joan Johnston, an Edmonton family physician, describes this method as being unhealthy and ineffective and relates to her own experience by stating â€Å"I weigh 133 [pounds], the same as I did before anorexia† and that the â€Å"societal problem†¦is not getting any better†. Women are plagued not only with a psychological issue of achieving a perfect body, as described by the media, but also physical disorders that will plague them for years to come if they continue resorting to certain options. The media also proves its irresponsibility towards women as it advertises various products or treatments for those who wish to achieve a specific body image. Some of these products, such as the proven medicinal ones, may have the capability of reducing a person’s weight or changing their image, but in many cases false advertisement gets the better of its viewers. Despite this fact many will continue using a product in desperation for a change. Milne confirms this notion when she mentions several statistics that are centered around appearance related topics: â€Å"unhappiness with body image seems to be a national preoccupation†¦70% of Canadian women are preoccupied with their weight†¦[and] 24% of women would give up three years of their life to achieve their weight goals† (Milne 4, 9). Deborah A. Sullivan, author ofShow MoreRelatedRepresentation Of The Female Body Image And The Mass Media1586 Words   |  7 PagesREPRESENTATION OF HOW WOMEN PROMOTE EXCERSISE IN NEW ZEALAND MEDIA AND HOW IT AFFECTS FEMALES Female Body Image and the Mass Media: Perspectives on How Women Internalize the Ideal Beauty Standard Representation of women in the media can change the way that the people of New Zealander’s think of themselves. Media has a powerful ability to reach many people and to influence and direct attitudes of our country’s behaviours and knowledge. - Magazines (the representation of kiwi identity they create)Read MoreFemale Body Image and the Mass Media Essay2272 Words   |  10 Pagescompares her body to the image depicted on Self magazine. She starts nitpicking every part of her body. She looks down at her denim clad- thigh and thinks, â€Å"did my thighs and stomach get bigger than they were this morning? â€Å" Influenced by the depiction of the image of Miranda Kerr, she now views her body as inadequate or ugly. Since she feels that her body is not beautiful and has negative thoughts, Emily seems to have negative body image. This perception of her physical appearance is known as body imageRead MoreFemale Body Image and the Mass Media Essay1577 Words   |  7 Pagesborn, girls are influenced by society as to who they should be, how they should look, and how they should act. Americans believe that women should be to a certain standard; pretty, feminine, and especially, thin. The pressures derive from family, media, and friends. Marge Piercy’s poem, â€Å"Barbie Doll† depicts a girl who was never recognized for her character and spent her life trying to be accepted for who she was, rather than how she looked. We live in a society with rigid gender roles and expectationsRead MoreAnalysis of Article: â€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† by Jordi Fauquet, et al.747 Words   |  3 PagesMass media consists of a range of multimedia technologies that have enhanced our way of communication. The media conveys norms and attitudes that socially construct those who are involved. Inadvertently, the media depicts a widely accepted misconception of personal image. â€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† reveals the high correlation between media content and females’ idea of beauty. Although the article does not specify on their intendedRead MoreInfluence of American Mass Media Ideals on Body Image and Eating Disorders in the U.S1243 Words   |  5 PagesMass media have an enormous impact on society and how people act, especially in developed countries. How do mass media influence views of body image and the development of eating disorders? People living in countries influenced by Western culture show concern for their appearance or dietary habits daily. This paper will analyze the effect of mass media on the issues of body image and eating disorders in the United States. 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In a culture with saturated media, the powerful influence upon women and younger girls is a continuous debate. Females of all ages come under immense pressure from the media, friends, partners and even parents to maintain a great body shape. The body images portrayed in the media can then push a female to go

Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay - 763 Words

Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness written in 1902 is an overwhelming chronicle of Marlows journey into the heart of the African continent. It is one of the most influential novels of the twentieth century. In this ghastly and horrific tale, Marlow leads an expedition up the Congo River, only to find everything is not as it seems. This haunting and mysterious story takes him into the unbearable core of the jungle. The novel also explores trade and exploration, imperialism and colonization. The use of darkness means several things in this book. It is used in the title, as Heart of Darkness many people doesnt understand the book, or the meaning it brings with it. I feel that the†¦show more content†¦Darkness and evil can happen to anyone in anyway, it happened to Marlow and Kurtz mentally, and then it affects what you physically. The meaning darkness does not mean the same for everyone, it is different in our minds to what others think, we all have different opinions of what we think something is. For example, if you look up the word darkness or dark in a dictionary you may find more than one meaning. First meaning it gave - dark, no light, dull cutoff from the rest of the world, gloomy, sad, sinister, evil secret, night, not knowing. These are all words that could have been used in the book. The jungle could be sinister and evil. I find that the word secret represents what goes on in the jungle very well. It makes you think carefully about what might be in the jungle, the dangers and cautions of the jungle. It also seems very mystical. It shows that maybe the jungle has something to hide that it doesnt want you to know about, it wants to keep it to itself. In the book, as Marlow travels up the Congo River, he himself begins to become sinister and evil, he isnt his usual self. Ship me somewhere south of Europe, where the best can be the worst, where there arent no ten commandments, and a man can raise a thirst. This is a piece of poem, by Rudyard Kimpling. This I relate to Marlow. He has been taken to Africa in Southern Europe, and where there arent any rules or laws. Anything could happen, and the evil comes out ofShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness805 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Conrad’s novella, Heart of Darkness, contains many symbols that connect to themes within it. Heart of Darkness incorporates the symbols of light and dark to develop the idea that society and characters, like Kurtz, contribute to the darkness of their society. Conrad’s different observations of the effect that nature can have on the characters and society within the novel, primarily focus on how something light and desir able can prove to bring out the ugliest aspects of humanity or cause significantRead MoreEssay on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1414 Words   |  6 Pagesleader of a community who has this type of unchecked power and influence with a happy ending. Perhaps the greatest story ever written about good vs. evil, madness, abuse of power along with influence, and nature just might be Heart of Darkness. Heart of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad tells the story of an agent named Marlow, who experiences hellish conditions and behaviors whilst trying to rescue a man named Kurtz, who turns out to be quite a handful. Throughout this journey the moral ramificationsRead MoreEssay on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1276 Words   |  6 PagesIn the present era of decolonization, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness presents one of fictions strongest accounts of British imperialism. Conrad’s attitude towards imperialism and race has been the subject of much literary and historical d ebate. Many literary critics view Conrad as accepting blindly the arrogant attitude of the white male European and condemn Conrad to be a racist and imperialists. The other side vehemently defends Conrad, perceiving the novel to be an attack on imperialism andRead More Use of Light and Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness 1504 Words   |  7 PagesUse of Light and Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness  Ã‚      Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness contrasts light and darkness, to represent the civilized and uncivilized sides of the world. Conrad uses light to represent the civilized side of humanity while contrasting the dark with the uncivilized and savage. Throughout the thematic stages of the novel, that is the Thames river London, the companys office in Belgium, the journey to the heart of darkness and the conclusion, light andRead MoreDarkness and Evil Illustrated in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness1382 Words   |  6 Pagesindicating future misfortune; ominous. Bad or blameworthy by report; infamous. Characterized by anger or spite; malicious. The definition of evil, a term used very cautiously in modern society, is very diverse among different people. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the term evil is articulated through several ways mainly four characters: the cruelty within the people of the Belgian Congo, main mystery of Kurtz, the setting upon which the character s reside, and the atmosphere in which the BelgianRead MoreEssay about Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness794 Words   |  4 Pagesroom for suggestive arguments when trying to dissect a piece of writing. Joseph Conrads novella Heart of Darkness offers the perfect platform for interpretation. With a dozen shades of foggy grays, the short story is begging for a set of eyes that can see it through. Without proceeding too far into the novella, one can draw out a great deal of analytical suggestions as to what the title itself implies. The word Darkness seems to be a consistent theme throughout the book. So much so, that the amountRead MoreThoughts Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness911 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness, what does it really mean, what can it signify? For all it matters, it has no meaning, but is just a phrase. By applying the following schools of theory, psychoanalysis, over analyzing texts, cultural studies which portray how readers consume the text a nd postcolonial which analyzes the â€Å"losers† perspective it helps to depict the novella of Heart Darkness. By using the schools of theory, it will analyze a multitude of perspective relating to the novella’s theme of imperialism disastrousRead MoreCorruption Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1473 Words   |  6 Pagessome individuals may maintain their integrity in corrupt situations, and therefore not become corrupt themselves. 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Regulations of Financial Markets and Global Financial...

gula Regulation of Financial Markets BA (Hons) Business Management Word Count: 2750 ------------------------------------------------- Q: Explain the main reasons why financial markets are regulated? To what extent do you think that recent problems in the financial markets are the result of too little regulation? Introduction: Since the inception of this world, people are following rules in one way or the other. Every aspect of our lives follows a pattern. The best patterns and practices are developed in to rules. If there are no rules, there will be chaos everywhere and catastrophe ready to strike at any moment. To keep our lives peaceful and in order, we follow rules. Some of them are set by us and some by law experts and†¦show more content†¦Financial markets and institutions help to shape the corporate and financial structure of the country. Therefore to keep the economy of the country stable, regulations are implemented. Regulations ensure fair disclosure of information to all the entities involved in a financial transaction (Pilbeam, 1998). Without regulations, one entity can have more information and it can take illicit advantage from that information. To ensure fair dealing and to prevent other entities from exposure to risk, regulations are imposed which ensure that all necessary information is disclosed prior to the transaction taking place. Market Failures and Crisis: Regulations of financial institutions have always followed financial crisis and failures. Market failures and crisis are the primary triggers of that lead to the development of regulations of financial markets and institutions (Howells and Bain, 2004). Although regulations cannot completely prevent the markets from failure, they can reduce the risk (Pilbeam, 1998). Causes of Market Failures and Crisis: The failure and crisis in the financial markets and institutions can be caused by many factors. One can be inefficient allocation of resources (Pilbeam, 1998). Every operation of financial institutions includes monetary transactions. Whenever there is a shortage of money; crisis start. Therefore for all the operations of financial markets and institutions sufficientShow MoreRelatedDiscuss the Importance of Ethics in Business in Light of the Recent Global Financial Crisis (Gfc)1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe 2008 global financial crisis has affected today’s economy severely based on the collapses on issues such as immoral practices, governance, regulations, enterprise ethics. Factors to consider with the collapse that lead to the financial crisis is the dangerous outcomes that financial companies were not foreseen in advanced of borrowing mortgages for the companies. 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Unit 14 †Describe the Role of Two Other Professionals Free Essays

E8 describe the role of two other professionals who support the needs of children with special needs and their families The other two professionals who support the needs of children with special needs and their families are Speech therapist: Speech therapists are other professionals who work closely with parents, carers and other professionals such as teachers, nurses, occupational therapists and doctor’s in order to improve the speech and language problem of the children. Evaluation by a certified speech-language pathologist can help determine if your child is having difficulties. Speech-language therapy is the treatment for most kids with speech and/or language disorders. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 14 – Describe the Role of Two Other Professionals or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Speech Language Therapy, 2012) The major roles of a speech therapist are to identify children’s developmental speech and communication problems. They access in treating problems that are caused due to cleft palate or disorders and implementing and revising treatment programmes. They also support children by working one to one with them, calculating the children’s progress and most importantly maintaining confidentiality. Lastly, speech therapists support the families of children with special needs by making them aware of the problem, giving them information, referring them to specialists and informing them regarding their children’s progress. Physiotherapist: Physiotherapists are other professionals who help treat people of all ages with physical problems caused by illness accident or ageing, for example: low muscle tone, posture etc. Physiotherapists support children with special needs by evaluating the problems of the child’s problem, improving their breathing to avoid any malfunction, helps slow down the bad effects that are caused by disease and teach the children various exercises for their bodies. â€Å"Physiotherapists are probably the best known of the therapists who work with children with special needs. They use exercises to help their patients gain and keep the best possible use of their bodies. (A Special Child in The Family, 2012) Physiotherapists also support the families by providing information about their children and also teaching them various exercises that they could do at home with their children. They also support by giving them information about how to handle their children, for example: how to lift things without straining your back. http://www. specialchild. co. uk/therapists. htm http://kidshealth. org/parent/system/ill/speech_therapy. html How to cite Unit 14 – Describe the Role of Two Other Professionals, Essay examples

Economics - Planning - and Policy

Question: Discuss about theEconomics, Planning, and Policy. Answer: Introduction This study has been constructed based on the three different types of markets in Australia. The markets are such as monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. In this connection, this study has tried to measure the pricing strategy, the consumer as well as producers behaviour. In addition, this study is beneficial to identify and understand the differences among these three markets. On the other hand, this study has also tried to discuss the real life example of these three types of market structures. In case of the monopoly market structure, there are single sellers but a number of buyers. The sellers set out the prices of the manufacturing goods (Bagdikian 2014). Higher the monopoly price leads to the organisations marginal cost as well as larger will be the monopoly profitability. In case of the oligopoly market, the larger organisations are being dominated by the smaller sized business. The organisations under oligopoly can employ the customs of trade that is the market s haring, collusion etc. On the other hand, in case of monopolistic competitive market structure, there are a large number of products in the market. These products are differentiated with each other (Roberts 2014). There it can be concluded that manufacturing goods are not perfectly substitute with each other. Furthermore, some relevant figures related to these three markets have added the essence of the study. Market structures In case of monopoly market structure, there exist only one producer and the number of buyers. In a synopsis, Askar (2013) mentioned that in the monopoly market structure there exist single seller. In this type of market structure, items and the factors are substitute with each other. Hence, it can be stated that the competition is not present under monopoly market. As the competition is not present, the sellers get the power to fix the price of the products. As a result, it can be concluded that why the sellers in this market aimed to fix the larger price of the manufacturing goods. According to Economides and Tag (2012), the marginal cost of the business will be effectively enhanced. In a nutshell, it can be mentioned that business can maximise the profitability under the monopoly market structure. Therefore, as per the statement of Minamihashi (2012), the producers or the sellers are assumed as the price makers while the customers are seemed to the price makers. On the other hand, the monopolists have the power to modify the price and the value of the manufacturing items. The sellers are able to sell the lowest amounts of products in turn of higher prices in terms of lower elastic market structure. Figure 1: Structure of the monopoly market (Source: Created by author) The above figure depicted that the monopoly equilibrium under short run market structure, the Australian firms are capable to maximise the profit of a business. The manufacture of the business will be equivalent to the marginal revenue as well as the marginal cost. The organisation is able to modify the price, which is based on the organisations average revenue curve. The differentiation among the average revenue and the organisations average cost can be multiplied to evaluate the amount sold by the specific organisation. Therefore, Bagdikian (2014) opined that the earning profit by the organisation can be measured. In this purpose to describe the example of monopoly market, it can be stated that the per unit price of the electricity is fixed by the Australian electricity authority whereas the customers need to pay off the estimated price of the electricity. They are not able to avoid this price of the electricity. Under the oligopolistic market, the total number of smaller sized organisations can dominate the comparatively large number of firms. In this context, it can be stated that the smaller sized organisations have the larger power to acquire the larger amount of market share. In the words of Feng, Li and Li (2014), oligopolists are able to diminish the competition and are also able to set larger price of the products for the buyers. Therefore, they are assumed as the price makers compared to the price takers (Okuguchi and Szidarovszky 2012). As a result, it can be concluded that oligopolies allowed to enhance the profitability margin of a business above the true market structure would consider. In addition, the oligopolies organisations can experience the super normal profitability in the long run. On the other hand, Levaggi and Montefiori (2013) cited that the manufacturing products in oligopoly market can be of homogeneous type or can be heterogeneous type. In case of the non price com petition under this definite type of market, the brand and the product loyalty, different types of the products, advertisement are considered as the suitable examples. Moreover, OPEC is the appropriate real life example of Oligopoly as it has a capacity to control the world price of the oil (Oikonomou et al. 2012). Figure 2: Kinked demand curve in case of oligopoly market structure (Source: Created by author) The above figure illustrated the demand for the factors, which is relatively elastic and the price of the another organisations are constant. Sometimes, there will occur the price war in the market between the organisations due to the reduction of equivalent price. The equilibrium n this above case has been represented by E. Under the monopolistic market structure, Zhelobodko et al. (2012) opined that within the market, imperfect competition can be observed. There are a number of sellers and each of them is seemed to be different. As a result, it can be stated that the manufacturing goods are perfect substitute with each other. Under monopolistic competition, organisations consider the price charging strategy and it can be stimulated by the opponents. In this context, the producers do not take the self prices of the items. According to Roberts et al. (2014), in case of this type of market structure, there exist a large number of buyers as well as sellers. Moreover, none can get the power of controlling of the total price of the marketed producing goods. Instead of this, the consumers are able to predict the price of the opponents manufacturing goods and it may be equivalent. Furthermore, Zhelobodko et al. (2012) mentioned that each of the supplier has degree of control regarding the price of the goods. Figure 3: Monopolistic competitive market structure (Source: Created by author) This figure 3 aimed that the organisation produced where the marginal cost is equivalent with the marginal revenue. The demand curve, which is the marginal revenue curve, has been changed due to the entering of the manufacturing organisations in the market. As a result, the competition between the organisations has been raised. As per the discussion, it can be stated that the Australian restaurants are the appropriate examples of monopolistic competition. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be observed that the overall study has been constructed on the concept of three different types of market structure. The markets are such as monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. This study is also helpful to estimate the consumers and the suppliers behaviour of each of the market. Moreover, the pricing strategy of these three types of markets has also discussed. On the other hand, the real life example of each of the market structure has been mentioned. References Askar, S.S., 2013. On complex dynamics of monopoly market.Economic Modelling,31, pp.586-589. Bagdikian, B.H., 2014.The new media monopoly: A completely revised and updated edition with seven new chapters. Beacon Press. Economides, N. and Tag, J., 2012. Network neutrality on the Internet: A two-sided market analysis.Information Economics and Policy,24(2), pp.91-104. Feng, Y., Li, B. and Li, B., 2014. Price competition in an oligopoly market with multiple iaas cloud providers.IEEE Transactions on Computers,63(1), pp.59-73. Levaggi, R. and Montefiori, M., 2013. Patient selection in a mixed oligopoly market for health care: the role of the soft budget constraint.International Review of Economics,60(1), pp.49-70. Oikonomou, V., Di Giacomo, M., Russolillo, D. and Becchis, F., 2012. White certificates in the Italian energy oligopoly market.Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy,7(1), pp.104-111. Okuguchi, K. and Szidarovszky, F., 2012.The theory of oligopoly with multi-product firms. Springer Science Business Media. Roberts, K., 2014. The limit points of monopolistic competition.Noncooperative Approaches to the Theory of Perfect Competition,3, p.141. Zhelobodko, E., Kokovin, S., Parenti, M. and Thisse, J.F., 2012. Monopolistic competition: Beyond the constant elasticity of substitution.Econometrica,80(6), pp.2765-2784. Minamihashi, N., 2012. Natural monopoly and distorted competition: evidence from unbundling fiber-optic networks.